Assume that the typical menthol-cigarette smoker has a mean, disposable weekly income of $700 per week. Assume this typical menthol cigarette smoker has a utility function given as U = c0.1A0.9 where C represents packs of cigarettes consumed each week, and A represents all other goods. Finally, assume that cigarettes sell for $10 per pack. a. Given the information provided above, how many packs of cigarettes does the typical, menthol-cigarette smoker consume in a week? b. Evaluate the effect on cigarette consumption of a tax of $2.50 per pack levied on all menthol cigarette sales (this would be over and above all existing taxes). By how much, if at all, would the typical smoker's cigarette consumption fall in response to this tax? How does that reduction compare to the 20 percent reduction in consumption predicted under the ban?
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- Betty is looking for a job. She considers job opportunities intwo cities. Bettyís utility is given by y- x, where y is the lifetime income andx is the amount spent on buying a house. The income from City 1 fluctuatesalthough the house price is stable. On the contrary, the income from City2 is stable while the house price fluctuates. If she moves to City 1, Bettycan earn a lifetime income y1 with probability alpha and 1 + y1 with probability1-alpha . The house price in City 1 is x1. Moving to City 2 means that Bettycan earn an income of y2. However, the house price is x2 with probabilitygamma and 1 + x2 with probability 1-gamma . Do the following: (a) Write down theexpected utilities associated with living in the two respective cities, i.e., V1and V2. (b) Derive the condition under which Betty chooses City 1.The Minister of Transport released its Festive season road accident statistics which shows that the probability of drivers committing an accident is 8% with utility , where H standsfor year income.The Minister further claims these Festive season road accidents cost the state (in terms of claims lodged) an average of R84 000 per annum. The Road Accident Fund is an insurance scheme providing compulsory indemnity cover to victims of vehicle accidents and taxi drivers. (a) Suppose that an average commuter earns R84 000 per annum. What is the expected utility of each commuter if the driver decides not to take insurance. (b) What is the cost of insurance policy to the Road Accident Fund? (c) Due to high accident rates in South Africa during the Festive season, the Road AccidentFund has issued a warning to government that the fund will be insolvent soon. Advise the Minister on the cost of insurance that can collapse the scheme. please answer a,b,cBecause Income depends on work effort and work effort depends on nutrition, suppose the relationship between income (Y) and total food availability (F) in a poor household is given by: Y = 10F + 20F2 – 0.6F3 a) If food availability in a two-person household is 20, would it be “rational” to share the food? Explain. b) If food availability in a two-person household is 30, would it be “rational” to share the food? Explain.
- Suppose a consumer has S100 today and he tells you he is willing to wait X amount of time for another $50. The same consumer also tells you that in the future if he has $10 he ts willng to wait Y amount of time for another $50.If Y is greater than X, does the individual exhibit hyperbolic discounting, exponential discounting, or is there not enough information to determine? Briely explain your answer.Do you think Canada's universal health care program can alleviate problems caused by moral hazard and adverse selection in the private insurance markets? Why or why not? John's utility curve over total wealth is given by U(W) =VW (i.e. square root of W). Suppose that he has a 50% chance of being healthy. If he is healthy, he gets all his wealth-$10,000. If he becomes sick, he only has $3,600 remaining after medical expenditures. Calculate John's wealth and utility when he does and does not get sick, his expected utility, expected wealth, and his expected loss. Now he has the option of buying health insurance Calculate the maximum amount John would be willing to pay to fully insure against the cost of the sickness. How much is the actuarially fair and risk premium? Suppose that society consists of large, equal numbers of identical male and identical female consumers. Male consumers are similar to John; female consumers differ only in that they face a 25% probability of being sick, but…The economy is populated by 100 agents. Each agent has to divide 1 unit of timebetween work and leisure given the wage rate w paid on the labor market. In additionto the salary, he or she also receives dividend a income of π = Π/100 (the total profitof the firms Π is distributed equally among all the consumers in form of dividends)Suppose that the government does not incur expenditures, so G=0.The agent’s utility function depends on consumption (c) and leisure (l), and it is assumedto satisfy u(c, l) = 0.5 ln(c) + 0.5 ln(l). On the other side of the market, there arefirms who hire workers and produce output. The representative firm operates witha Cobb-Douglas production technology Y = zK^0.5N^0.5, where z denotes the totalfactor productivity, and K = 100 is a fixed amount of capital. Each of the firm’semployees receives wage w, i.e. the total labor cost of the firm is equal to wN^dSuppose that initially z = 1 (so the competitive equilibrium is the one we calculatedin class), but the…
- Pisa Pizza, a seller of frozen pizza, is considering introducting a healthier version of its pizza that will be low in cholesterol and contain no trans fats. The firm expects that sales of new pizza will be $20 million per year. While many of these sales will be to new customers, Pisa Pizza estimaes that 40% will come from customers who switch to the new, healthier pizzai nstead of buying the original version. a) Assume cusotmer will spend the same amount on either version. What level of incremental sales is associated with introducing the new pizza? b) Suppose that 50% of hte cusomters who will switch from Pisa Pizza's orignial pizza to its healthier pizza will switch to another brand if Pisa PIzza does not introduce a healthier pizza. What level of incremental sales is associated with introducing the new pizza in this case?i will 10 upvotes urgent Say Anna's utility function is given by UA = MAMM, where MA is Anna's wealth and MM is Marie's wealth. Initially, Anna has 160 units of wealth and Marie has 40. When Anna maximizes her utility, her utility level is equal to: Multiple Choice 10,000. 5,000. 100. 200.Given: Budget constraint: 1600 = 160*HI + 20*GUtility function: U=HI*G where MRS = -G/HI Consider someone who has an optimal bundle of health insurance (Hi) of 5 and other goods (G) of 40 (Hi = 5, G = 40). Assume that this individual prefers to optimally purchase no health insurance (Hi). On a graph, draw the budget constraint offered above and include the indifference curve for a person who optimally chooses to be uninsured.
- The Minister of Transport released its Festive season road accident statistics which shows that the probability of drivers committing an accident is 8% with utility U(H) = √H, where H stands for year income. The Minister further claims these Festive season road accidents cost the state (in terms of claims lodged) an average of R84 000 per annum. The Road Accident Fund is an insurance scheme providing compulsory indemnity cover to victims of vehicle accidents and taxi drivers. (a) Suppose that an average commuter earns R84 000 per annum. What is the expected utility of each commuter if the driver decides not to take insurance. (b) What is the cost of insurance policy to the Road Accident Fund? (c) Due to high accident rates during Festive season, the road accident fund has issued a warning to the government that the fund will be insolvent soon. Advise the Minister on the cost of insurance that can collapse the schemeThe Minister of Transport released its Festive season road accident statistics which shows that the probability of drivers committing an accident is 8% with utility U(H) = √H, where H stands for year income. The Minister further claims these Festive season road accidents cost the state (in terms of claims lodged) an average of R84 000 per annum. The Road Accident Fund is an insurance scheme providing compulsory indemnity cover to victims of vehicle accidents and taxi drivers. (a) Suppose that an average commuter earns R84 000 per annum. What is the expected utility of each commuter if the driver decides not to take insurance. (b) What is the cost of insurance policy to the Road Accident Fund?Sanjay won a poker game against his friends. Now he has to choose between $600 (the winnings) and the chance to play a new game. In this new game, Sanjay has a 50% chance of winning nothing and a 50% chance of winning $1000. The following graph presents the utility function of Sanjay with respect to money: 1. By how much money would his winnings need to increase or decrease so that Sanjay isindifferent between the $600 and the new game? At a different table, Juan wins $800 in a blackjack game. Similarly, he has to choose between $800 or the chance to win a new game. In this game, Juan has a 45% chance of winning nothing and a 55% chance of winning $1000. The following graph presents the utility function of Juan with respect to money: 2. By how much money would his winnings need to increase or decrease so that Juan is indifferent between the $800 and the new game? Please enter a positive number for an increase or a negative number for a decrease.