b-1. After considering the hedging, what is the net cost to the firm of the increased interest expense of $89,000? Net cost b-2. What percent of this $89,000 cost did the treasurer effectively hedge away? (Input your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
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- As corporate treasurer, you will purchase K1 million of bonds for the sinking fund in three months you believe rates will soon fall and would like to repurchase the company’s sinking fund bonds, which currently are selling below par, in advance of requirements. Unfortunately, you have to obtain approval from the board of directors for such a purchase, and this could take up to two months. What action can you take in the futures market to hedge any adverse movements in bond yields and prices until you actually can buy the bonds? Will you be long, or short? Why?A business plans to borrow approximately $40 million in short-term funding through the issue of commercial paper in three months’ time. The business does not have a view on what is likely to happen to interest rates over the next three months, but it would be very satisfied if it could obtain its funding at the current yield. Using the following data, show how 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contracts can be used to hedge the interest rate risk to which the business is exposed. Show the calculation and timing of all transactions and cash flows (ignore transaction costs and marginrequirements). Today’s data: current commercial paper yields 6.00 per cent perannum 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contract 93.75. Data in threemonths: commercial paper yields 7.00 per cent perannum 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contract93.25.It is August 2 and a fund manager invested in $10 million government bonds (trading at par) is concerned about an increase in interest rates over the next 3 months. The manager decides to use the T-bond futures contract to hedge the portfolio. Current futures price is 93-02. The modified duration on the bond portfolio is 6.80 years. The CTD issue has a modified duration of 9.2 years. Devise a hedge for the manager? (Hint: You need to find the PVBP of the portfolio and the futures contract using the following formula: PVBP = - Modified Duration * P * 0.01%.).
- Assume that the price of December 2021 corn futures is $4.65/bushel in February and $4.50 in October. If spot cash price in October is $4.55, what is the farmer's total revenue? Assume he entered into 20 contracts. Each corn contract is 5000 bushels.A trader bought two July futures contracts. Each contract is for the delivery of 1,000 barrels. The initial margin is $11,250 per contract and the maintenance margin is $9,000. Calculate the daily gain and loss and margin account balance from April 13, 2020 to April 15, 2020 and explain when the investor will receive a margin call and how much does he need to top up?A trader buys two July futures contracts on frozen orange juice concentrate. Each contract is for the delivery of 15,000 pounds. The current futures price is 160 cents per pound, the initial margin is $6,000 per contract, and the maintenance margin is $4,500 per contract. What price change would lead to a margin call? Under what circumstances could $2,000 be withdrawn from the margin account?
- A trader sells two July futures contracts on frozen orange juice. Each contract is for the delivery of 20,000 pounds. The current futures price is 150 cents per pound, the initial margin is $5,000 per contract, and the maintenance margin is $3,000 per contract. What price change would lead to a margin call? Under what circumstances could $8,000 be withdrawn from the margin account?Today is January 3. Your friend David has just bought a futures contract on a stock index, and the contract specifies one year to expiration. The current share price is $80, and the annually compounded interest rate is 10%. The stock will pay quarterly dividends of $2 during the next year, with dividends payments on the following dates: January 25 April 25 July 25 October 25 Assume that this is a non-leap year. What is the futures price on this contract on January 3? What is the cost-of-carry on this futures contract on January 3? What is the value of this futures contract on February 17 if the spot price turns out to be $90 on that day? Suppose that, instead of paying a quarterly dividend of $2, the stock index has an annual dividend yield of 10%. The continuously compounded interest rate is 10.52%. What is the price of the index futures on January 3? What is its value on February 17 when the index turns out to be $90?A lender will be having £10 million to lend from December to March next year. Right now, the December Eurodollar futures contract has price 94. If the lender uses 10 December Eurodollar futures to hedge his future lending, does he long or short futures? If the 3-month LIBOR in December turns out to be 1.2% (3-month effective), how much money does the lender get in March from his hedged lending of £10 million?
- The spot price of gold today is $1, 507 per troy ounce, and the futures price for a contract maturing in seven months is $1, 548 per troy ounce. If Golddy Plc puts on a futures hedge today and lifts the hedge after five months. a) Calculate the cost of carry for gold. b) If the spot price of gold in five months' time turns out to be $1,520. What will be the futures price five months from now? c) How much is the basis in five months' time?Suppose that it is january 15 now. A copper fabricator knows it will require 100,000 pounds of copper on May 15 to meet a certain contract. So he takes a long position in the future contract. At that time the spot price of copper is 140 cents per pound and the May futures price is 120 cents per pound. Each contract is for the delivery of 25,000 pounds of copper. If the cost of copper on May 15 is 125 cents per pound, what is the effective price this copper fabricator pays per pound? a. Around 125 cents b. Around 105 cents c. Around 140 cents d. Around 120 cents e. Around 115 centsAt the beginning of December, the 3-month T-Bill futures for March is priced at 99 (actual price, not the annualized, discount basis price), the spot 3-month T-Bill is trading at 98.5, and there is a 6-month T-Bill futures for June selling for 98.01. The spot price for the 6-month T-bill is 97.515. If you can go long or short on any of these bonds (borrow or lend at any of these rates), show how you can make a profit.