Bacteriophages can recognize the host cell by:

Q: The West Nile virus has what mode of transmission? a) Propagative b) Cyclo-propagative c)…

A: Answer- propagative

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two human-infecting species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of…

Q: What probably plays the most important role in determining the tissue and host specificity of…

A: Host specificity - A virus  has specific attachment proteins in the capsid or glycoproteins embedded…

Q: Give an example of a cytolytic exotoxin and a superantigenexotoxin, as well as the bacteria that…

A: Various microbial species are known to contaminate food and beverages and cause infections in the…

Q: Please explain the mechanism of transposition in the bacteria and virus

A: Transposons (Transposable elements) are a type of mobile genetic element characterized by their DNA…

Q: Which type of phages can perform   generalized transduction?

A: Zinder and Lederberg in 1952 discovered Transduction in S.typhimurum. The phage which mediated DNA…

Q: Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of phage λ.

A: Phage lambda is a bacteriophage which infects E.coli bacteria. Bacteriophages are the viruses that…

Q: An animal virus can become latent inside the host cell as a provirus, What happens in this process…

A: Latent period is also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period. Latent period is the…

Q: Name components used by a T-even virus to lyse the host cell.

A: The T-even virus refers to a family of bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and replicate…

Q: What is a virulent virus?

A:

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virusand the host cell membrane that…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: What is a norovirus?

A: Norairal mediated endocytosis is the molecular mechanism followed by integration of viral genome RNA…

Q: Compare and contrast bacteriophage plaques with bacterial colonies.

A: A phage is consists of protein capsid and nucleic acid. A protein sheat that is contractile and…

Q: What is hantavirus

A: Hantavirus is a zoonotic pathogenic virus.

Q: Briefly explain two different mechanisms an enveloped virus uses for entry into the host cell.

A: Many enveloped viruses such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and influenza virus use membrane…

Q: Discuss the structure of virus.

A: A virus is a small parasite which is a small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA,…

Q: Describe the structure of influenza virus and its spikes.

A: Influenza virus, commonly known as the flu virus is responsible for the infections in the…

Q: _refers to copies of plasmid inside host cells.

A: Cloning is the process or the technique, scientists use for creating a genetically identical clone…

Q: Depict the replication cycle of HIV, beginning with entry of the virus into host cells

A: AIDS is a condition in which the host's immune system is weakened. Many circumstances compromise the…

Q: Describe the two ways that a virus may infect a cell.

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: Identify the Two principal means by which animal viruses penetrate?

A: Animal viruses, like most viruses, are small packets of protein and nucleic acid. They have a…

Q: Explain the Lytic replication cycle of a nonenveloped bacterial virus.

A: Viruses follow two types of the cycle in order to reproduce in the host cell: the lytic cycle and…

Q: Define bacteriorhodopsin.

A: Proteins are one of the biomolecules made up of amino acid units. They are large and complex…

Q: What is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes West…

A: West Nile virus is a single stranded virus that causes West Nile fever. Their primary host are birds…

Q: Which of the following is a possible result of viral infection in eukaryotic host cells? O 1)…

A: Viruses can be defined as extremely microscopic infective agents that do not possess metabolic…

Q: Identify the vector and reservoir for West Nile virus.

A: A vector is any agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living…

Q: Describe the infective process of a bacteriophage as it attacks a cell.

A: The virus that infects bacteria is known as Bacteriophage. These bacteriophages infects host cell in…

Q: In what two ways does Corona virus invade and infect human cells?

A: The coronavirus is an enveloped virus that contains a positive-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA…

Q: a) Lytic cycle b) Latent cycle c) Oncogenic cycle

A: Viral reproduction: Viral replication or reproduction does not occur by their own. It depends on…

Q: This gene is responsible for making the protein that catalyzes the recombination of the phage genome…

A: Introduction :- Bacteriophages, or phages as they are commonly known, are viruses that only infect…

Q: Explain the lytic cycle of a bacteriophages life cycle.

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. The term "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria…

Q: Discuss the structures found in a typical virus.

A: Viruses are special parasites. They are extremely small in size and not visible by ordinary…

Q: What determines the family in which a virus is categorized?

A: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside an organism's living cells.…

Q: Characterize bacteriophages.

A:

Q: Describe the two main ways by which viral nucleic acid is introduced into the host cells

A: Viral infection causes stimulation of various specific and nonspecific types of immunity in the…

Q: Describe the processes used by viruses to enter cells and replicate.

A: Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: Describe how lytic bacteriophages are released from their host cells.

A: A temperate phage has an option to undergo lytic and lysogenic cycle. A lytic cycle involves the…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.