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- Clostridium difficile infection is the leading causeof hospital-associated gastrointestinal illness. It is typicallytreated with a course of antibiotics, but the infection recursin about 20% of cases. C. difficile infections are difficult toeradicate because the bacteria exist in two forms: a repli-cating, toxin-producing form and a spore form that is resis-tant to antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation—thetransfer of normal gut microbiota from a healthy individ-ual—can resolve >90% of recurrent infections, a much bet-ter cure rate than further antibiotic treatment alone. Whydo you suppose microbiota transplantation is so effective?Bacterial (e.g., S. pneumoniae) pneumonia is commonly manifested by a cough productive of sputum, whereas with atypical (e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae) pneumonia, the cough is usually nonproductive or absent. Explain.True pathogenic fungia. are transmissible from person to personb. cause primary pulmonary infectionsc. are endemic to specific geographic areasd. both b and c
- On the other hand,a patient who passes of mucoid-stool is suspected of; a.cholera b typhoid fever c shigellosis d amoebasis Which among the following diseases has the incubation period of 7hours to 7 days? a.shigellosis b cholera c. amoebiasis d.typhoid fever The main vector of genus Leptospira is; a rat b rabbit c pig d chickena. If a person returns from traveling afflicted with trypanosomiasisor leishmaniasis, is he or she generally infective to others?Explain.b. Explain why there is no malaria above 6,000 feet in altitude.c. Account for all of the protective effects offered by insecticidetreatedbednets.Does plasmodium cause any pathology in it's definite host , Mosquitoe ?
- Otitis media is a/an __________- infection often caused by ____________ .a. bone, Staphylococcus aureusb. eye, N. gonorrhoeaec. middle ear, Streptococcus pneumoniaed. brain, N. meningitidis36) Giardiasis is a common protozoal infection in the United States. Much like malaria, it's symptoms are commonly characterized as ____________________. A) Sinusitis B) Respiratory Depression C) GI Upset D) Localized skin rashMany clostridial diseases require a/an ____________- environment for theirdevelopment.a. living tissue b. anaerobic c. aerobic d. low pH
- Most helminth infectionsa. are localized to one site in the bodyb. spread through major systems of the bodyc. develop within the spleend. develop within the livertrains of the tuberculosis bacterium, antibiotics can relievesymptoms in a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to haltthe infection, and patients may discontinue treatment whilebacteria are still present. Explain how this could result in theevolution of drug-resistant pathogens.Which of the following is NOT a way in which Neisseriagonorrhoeae infects or causes disease in the genitourinary tractof humans?(a) It uses attachment pili.(b) It produces an exfoliating exotoxin.(c) It produces a damaging endotoxin that damages the fal-lopian tube mucosa.(d) It produces a protease that cleaves IgA.(e) It often survives phagocytosis by neutrophils and cansurvive and multiply within them.