Briefly describe where a cholinergic drug acts and how itaffects the postsynaptic receptors. Give two examples ofits possible effects on function.

Q: Identify the different classes of medications used to manage Parkinson’s disease, and list the drugs…

A: Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition that affects basal ganglia and its neurons . The…

Q: Describe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division…

A: Autonomic nervous system is divided into three parts: Sympathetic nervous system,enteric nervous…

Q: Define migraine. What are the symptoms of this condition?

A: A migraine is a headache that can cause severe pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of…

Q: Describe cerebrospinal fluid flow from secretion to absorption

A: Introduction :- The tissue that lines the ventricles (empty spaces) in the brain produces…

Q: Describe three functions of the cerebrospinal fluid.

A: Three functions of CSF are: Acts as a shockproof cushion for brain and spinal cord.  Keeps brain…

Q: Name the major neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia andthe mood disorders?

A: The nervous system is the piece of a creature's body that organizes its conduct and sends signals…

Q: Present a group of drugs that inhibit cholinergic transmission and explain their mechanism of…

A: Cholinergic transmission, which plays an important role in the functioning of the spinal cord,  is a…

Q: List the functions of cerebrospinal fluid.

A: The nervous system is involved in the coordination and controlling of various activities in the…

Q: Describe preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system.

A: There are two divisions of the nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and the…

Q: Name the neurotransmitters employed by the ANS and define terms for neurons and synapses with…

A: The nervous system is one of the vital systems of a body. It is a system of nerves which carry…

Q: Explain why those patients who consume drugs to treat Parkinson’s disease sometimes develop symptoms…

A: Parkinson's disease is an issue of the central nervous system that influences movement, frequently…

Q: describe cognitive deficit

A: Cognition is a mental action that involves acquiring the knowledge, experience, understanding…

Q: Define the terms Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A: Ans: The meninges as well as the Cerebrospinal fluid are the parts of brain and central nervous…

Q: Explain attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD)?

A: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a mental disorder that generally occurs in children. It…

Q: Describe in detail the Pre and post ganglionic fibers, location of the ganglia, neurotransmitters…

A: The nervous system and the endocrine system brings about control and coordination in humans.  The…

Q: List the various drugs classified as cholinergic agonists (also called parasympathomimetics).

A: The peripheral nervous system comprises the autonomous system and the somatic nervous system that…

Q: Compare cholinergic and adrenergic transmission.

A: Adrenergic and cholinergic are 2 pathways of the autonomous nervous system of our body that controls…

Q: Explain, methodically and in detail, why benzodiazepines are rarely used in the chronic therapy of…

A: Introduction: Benzodiazepines are sedative medications. This means that they slow down the body's or…

Q: Describe how a seizure develops in the brain tissue.

A: Seizures can be broadly classified into focal seizures and generalized seizures. When the seizures…

Q: Would MS cause more of a problem with the white matter or graymatter of the brain?

A: Multiple sclerosis (MS):                   A chronic illness involving the Central nervous system…

Q: Briefly describe the action and effect of a drug classifiedas an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent.

A: There are many classes of drugs involved in various functions. The drugs cause therapeutic effects…

Q: Describe the types of adrenergic receptors and theirsubtypes.

A: Answer: Introduction: The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors means a class of G protein -coupled…

Q: Compare three signs of schizophrenia with three signs ofdepression.

A: Mental disorders are conditions that change the emotional behavior and thoughts of a person. There…

Q: How autonomic nervous system and Psychophysiological disorders relate each other?

A: The autonomic nervous system is a division that occurs from the peripheral nervous system. ANS is…

Q: Define the importance of cerebrospinal fluid ?

A: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless fluid that bathes brain and spinal cord. The fluid is…

Q: Describe the basic pathway of parasympathetic innervation through cranial nerves and sacral spinal…

A: The nervous system is the part of an individual's body that coordinates its behaviour and transmits…

Q: What role does dopamine play and how that has been linked to the experience of hallucinations and…

A: Dopamine is a chemical which is found naturally in human bodies. It is a neurotransmitter, that…

Q: Describe factors that should be avoided if a patient has ahistory of seizures.

A: A seizure is a momentary abnormality in muscular tone or movements (stiffness, twitching, or…

Q: What is the underlying pathogenesis for the development of epileptic seizures? a. Overstimulated…

A: Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder causes unusual behavior, sensation even loss of…

Q: Present a group of drugs that enhance cholinergic transmission and explain their mechanism of…

A: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter mediating cholinergic transmission. It is synthesized in nerve…

Q: Describe the meningeal coverings surrounding the brain, and explain how the meninges and…

A: The Central neural system is a dorsally placed hollow structure lying along the mid-dorsal axis of…

Q: List examples of sympathetic and parasympathetic effects.

A: Nervous system of the body is responsible for transmission of signal impulses between different body…

Q: Classify cholinergic drugs and discuss in detail the biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of…

A: Cholinergic medications mimic the function of Ach to activate the parasympathetic nervous system.…

Q: Name the protective structures of the central nervous system, and briefly describe each one.

A: Introduction: The CNS is safeguarded by a multitude of structures due to its significance. First,…

Q: Discuss the production, flow, and function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

A: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid similar to blood plasma that circulates in…

Q: Why pramipexol considered as a drug of advanced or initial stage of Parkinsonism management?

A: According to the question, we have to mention the reason that why pramipexole is considered as a…

Q: Describe the basic pathways of sympathetic innervation from the spinal cord to the effector organs…

A: The sympathetic system enacts various complex pathways and parts to components quicker…

Q: Explain why a tumor in the cerebral hemisphere may growquite large before any signs appear, but a…

A: Tumor in cerebral hemisphere is usually benign and is caused by , an abnormal growth of cells. Brain…