By blocking access to that section of memory, the memory management unit ensures that no two processes may use the same data simultaneously. The memory management unit seems to be the source of the problem with process-to-process communication.
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- Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. ’Process Synchronization’ is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called ’Deadlock'.Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. 'Process Synchronization' is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called 'Deadlock'. In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program thatmay not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do {flag[i] = TRUE;while(flag[j]); %waitCRITICAL SECTIONflag[i] = FALSE;REMAINDER SECTION} while (TRUE);Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric) a) Does the given solution satisfy the mutual exclusion requirement? Explain (asimple 'yes-no' answer is NOT enough.…Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. 'Pro- vess Synchronization' is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called 'Deadlock'. ,In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program that (a) may not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do { flag(i] - TRUE; while (flag[j]); %wait CRITICAL SECTION flag[i] - FALSE; REMAINDER SECTION } while (TRUE); Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric) (i) { simple 'yes-no' answer is NOT enough. What is the mutual exclusion requirement? Why is (not?)…
- Step 1 The CPU needs to suspend the currently executing process when an interrupt has occurred. It prevents the input-output operation from being delayed. Suppose, a user is asked to enter a key while a process is executing and the input of the key is important for the computation. Then the key entered has to be dealt with then and there. That action cannot be suspended. It is also not known how long the current process may take time to execute. So, the operating system gives preference to the interrupt when it occurs. Step 2 If the interrupts are not serviced as soon as they are received, it makes the DMA inefficient. DMA helps in the interaction of I/O devices with the main memory without interacting with the CPU. Therefore, the interrupts have to be serviced as soon as they occur.Facts: Facts about Deadlock Deadlock is a situation that occurs in OS when any process enters a waiting state because another waiting process is holding the demanded resource. Deadlock is a common problem in multi-processing where several processes share a specific type of mutually exclusive resource known as a soft lock or software. Deadlock is a situation where a process or a set of processes is blocked, waiting for some other resource that is held by some other waiting process. It is an undesirable state of the system. The following are the four conditions that must hold simultaneously (Links to an external site.) for a deadlock to occur. Mutual Exclusion –A resource can be used by only one process at a time. If another process requests for that resource then the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released. Hold and wait –Some processes must be holding some resources in nonshareable mode and at the same time must be waiting to acquire some more…When it comes to process execution, what is the advantage of first allocating it to the I/O queue and then pushing it to the CPU when it is ready? What, in your opinion, will happen if the I/O is not completed correctly? Is the CPU burst going to be affected? What do you mean?
- A process's execution may be preemptively assigned to an I/O queue and then transferred to the CPU when it's ready. There's no telling what may happen if the I/O is suddenly cut off. Is the CPU's burst going to be diminished? How exactly does this hold true?The principal advantage is a savings in physical memory space. This occurs for two reasons: (1) a user page table can be paged in to memory only when it is needed. (2) The operating system can allocate user page tables dynamically, creating one only when the process is created. Of course, there is a disadvantage: address translation requires extra work.When feasible, what are the upsides of prioritizing the I/O queue as the place where processes would be executed? If the I/O connection suddenly goes down, what do you expect to happen? How would this affect the fastest possible CPU burst rate? I'm not quite sure I get what you're getting at here.
- Consider a pair of processes in a shared memory system such that process A updates a data structure, and then sets a flag to indicate that the update is completed. Process B monitors the flag, and starts processing the data structure only after it finds the flag is set. Explain the problems that could arise in a memory architecture where writes may be reordered, and explain how the sfence and lfence instructions can be used to ensure the problem does not occur.1. Concurrency in operating systems means the ability to run multiple processes or threads at the same time. (a) Can we use interrupt-disabling to implement a mutual exclusion? Justify your answer with one sentence (b) generally, what is the drawback of interrupt disabling?In the case of two processes in the READY state, one of which is CPU-bound and the other of which is I/O-bound, which process should be given a greater priority for executing next (assuming all other factors are equal)? Provide a succinct explanation for your response.