Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (for example, as- sume that the program counter and the address registers are 16 bits wide) and having a 16-bit data bus. a. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to a "16-bit memory"? b. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to an "8-bit memory"? c. What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate "I/O space"?
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- Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor C is a CISC processor with a 1.8 GHz clock rate. The average simple instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. The average complex instruction requires two cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor R can’t directly implement the complex processing instructions of Processor C. Executing an equivalent set of simple instructions requires an average of three cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Program S contains nothing but simple instructions. Program C executes 70% simple instructions and 30% complex instructions. Which processor will execute program S more quickly? Which processor will execute program C more quickly? At what percentage of complex instructions will the performance of the two processors be equal?_____ is a CPU design technique in which instruction execution is divided into multiple stages and different instructions can execute in different stages simultaneously.Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (e.g., assume the program counter and the address registers are 16 bits wide) and having a 16-bit data bus. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to a “16-bit memory”? What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to an “8-bit memory”? What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate “I/O space”? If an input and an output instruction can specify an 8-bit I/O port number, how many 8-bit I/O ports can the microprocessor support? How many 16-bit I/O ports? Explain.
- Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (for example, assume that the program counter and the address registers are 16-bits wide) and having a 16-bit data bus. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to a “16-bit memory”? What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it connected to an “8-bit memory”? What architectural features will allow this microprocessor to access a separate I/O spece? If an input and an output instruction can specify an 8-bit I/O port number, how many 8-bit I/O ports can the microprocessor support? How many 16-bit I/O ports can the microprocessor support? Are the values in d and e the same?Consider a Computer which has a memory which is capable of storing 4096 K words and each word in memory can be of size 32 bits. The computer supports a total of 6 addressingmodes, and it has 60 computer registers. The computer supports instructions, where each instruction consists of following fields: Mode Operation code Register Register Memory AddressGiven that each instruction will be stored in one memory word, discuss with a suitable diagram the format of instruction by specifying number of bits for each field of instruction. Discuss each field of instruction.hi can u anwser this qustion plesc ? Consider a Computer which has a memory which is capable of storing 4096 K words and each word in memory can be of size 32 bits. The computer supports a total of “K” addressing modes, and it has “M” computer registers. The computer supports instructions, where each instruction consists of following fields: Mode Operation code Register Register Memory AddressGiven that each instruction will be stored in one memory word, discuss with a suitable diagram the format of instruction by specifying number of bits for each field of instruction. Discuss each field of instruction.Note: Choose your own values for K (number of addressing modes) and M (number of Registers) k=8 m=50
- Consider a computer which has a memory which is capable of storing 4096 K words and each word in memory can be of size 32 bits. The computer supports a total of “6” addressing modes, and it has “50” computer registers. The computer supports instructions, where each instruction consists of following fields: Mode Operation code Register Register Memory Address Given that each instruction will be stored in one memory word, discuss with a suitable diagram the format of instruction by specifying number of bits for each field of instruction. Discuss each field of instructionConsider a hypothetical microprocessor having 32-bit instructions composed of two fields: the first Byte contains the opcode and the remainder the immediate operand or operand address. What is the maximum directly accessible memory capacity (in Bytes)? Discuss the impact on the system speed if the microprocessor bus has: a 32-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus a 16-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data busconsider a processor using 32-bit memory addresses, also a 4 KiB (of actual data) direct-mapped cache memory that stores 32 bits of data for each address. The number of index bits is?
- Consider a memory implemented for 8086 microprocessor Draw the memory block diagram. Determine the values for A0 , /BHE ,address lines(A1..A19) and data lines(D0.. D15) in order to access: A byte at odd address [01FF3H] A byte at even address [01FFCH] A word at even address [01FFEH] A word at odd address [01ABFH]Suppose a given processor has access to two levels of memory. Level 1 contains 1000 words and has an access time of 0.01 μs; level 2 contains 100,000 words and has an access time of 0.1 μs. Assume that if a word to be accessed is in level 1, then the processor accesses it directly. If it is in level 2, then the word is first transferred to level 1 and then accessed by the processor. For simplicity, ignore the time required for the processor to determine whether the word is in level 1 or level 2. Suppose 95% of the memory accesses are found in level 1, define the hit ratio (H) and find the average access time.Consider a hypothetical 23-bit processor called HYP23 with all registers, including PC and SP, being 23 bits long. The smallest addressable unit in memory is an 8-bit byte B. Assume that first quarter of the address space (starts at the address 0x00000) is dedicated to HYP23’s RAM memory and the upper half of the address space is reserved for HYP23’s Flash memory. Give address ranges for the RAM and Flash memories. Fill in the table below. What are the sizes of the RAM memory and the Flash memory? Start Byte Address End Byte Address RAM memory Flash memory RAM memory size [Bytes/KiB]:____________________________Flash memory size [bytes/KiB]:____________________________