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- Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?Here is a dataset containing plant growth measurements of plants grown in solutions of commonly-found chemicals in roadway runoff.Phragmites australis, a fast-growing non-native grass common to roadsides and disturbed wetlands of Tidewater Virginia, was grown in a greenhouse and watered with either: Distilled water (control); A weak petroleum solution (representing standard roadway runoff); Sodium chloride solution; Magnesium chloride solution; De-icing brine (50% sodium chloride and 50% magnesium chloride).Twenty grass preparations were used for each solution, and total growth (in cm) was recorded after watering every other day for 40 days.-Perform the correct statistical test to determine the p-value.-Report your answer rounded to four decimal places.-You should use formulas, functions, and the Data Analysis ToolPak in MS Excel to avoid additive rounding errors. Here are some useful functions: =t.test(array1,array2,tails,type) Produces a p-value for any…The spike stature of the plants grown from the seeds of the porcine separates (Dactylis glomerata L) collected from the University campus and İbradı Eynif pasture are given below. In this plant, compare whether there is a difference between regions in terms of spike height. Virgo Height (cm) Data obtained from plants collected from university campus 5 6 8 7 8 6 5 5 4 6 6 Data obtained from plants collected from Eynif pasture 12 9 11 9 9 11 9 10 11 10 Note: Your results interpretation according to two different possibilities (Do it separately, assuming that it is 0.07 and 0.04).
- A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.2 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.7 10.1 9.7 12.3 10.8 8.8 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.2 10.4 9.4 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.7 8.4 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.3 104 8.7 96.4 8.7 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.2 97.1 12.2 172.6 9.3 146.3 9.5 99 8.2 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if there…A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.3 9.1 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.8 10.1 9.8 12.3 10.6 8.8 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.9 11.3 10.4 9.2 11.6 10.7 10.9 10.8 8.2 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.4 104 8.8 96.4 8.8 89 10.1 88 9.7 103.8 8.7 147.3 10.3 97.1 12.3 172.6 9.4 146.3 9.5 99 8.3 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.4 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.2 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.9 10.1 9.9 12.3 10.7 8.8 10.2 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.4 10.4 9.3 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.9 8.3 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.2 104 8.9 96.4 8.9 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.4 97.1 12.4 172.6 9.2 146.3 9.5 99 8.4 122.3 8.8 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…
- A paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. Amount by Which Speed Limit Was Exceeded MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.2 -0.1 1.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use μmales − μfemales.Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to…A paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. Amount by Which Speed Limit Was Exceeded MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.3 -0.1 1.3 0.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use μmales − μfemales.Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to…The table below shows the numbers of bushels of barley cultivated per acre for 12 one-acre plots of land for two different strains of barley, PHT-34 and CBX-21. PHT-34 CBX-21 43 55 49 46 47 43 38 44 47 45 45 49 50 47 46 59 46 52 46 49 45 48 43 51 Determine the minimum data value, the quartiles, and the maximum data value for the PHT-34 and CBX-21 data sets. PHT-34 CBX-21 min Q1 Q2 Q3 max
- rofessor Cornish studied rainfall cycles and sunspot cycles. (Reference: Australian Journal of Physics, Vol. 7, pp. 334-346.) Part of the data include amount of rain (in mm) for 6-day intervals. The following data give rain amounts for consecutive 6-day intervals at Adelaide, South Australia. 7 28 7 1 69 3 1 4 22 7 16 4 54 160 60 73 27 3 3 1 7 144 107 4 91 44 1 8 4 22 4 59 116 52 4 155 42 24 11 43 3 24 19 74 26 63 110 39 34 71 52 39 8 0 15 2 14 9 1 2 4 9 6 10 (i) Find the median. (Use 1 decimal place.)(ii) Convert this sequence of numbers to a sequence of symbols A and B, where A indicates a value above the median and B a value below the median. Test the sequence for randomness about the median at the 5% level of significance. (b) Find the number of runs R, n1, and n2. Let n1 = number of values above the median and n2 = number of values below the median. R n1 n2 (c) In the case, n1 > 20, we cannot use Table 10 of Appendix II to find the critical…Lactation promotes a temporary loss of bone mass to provide adequate amounts of calcium for milk production. The paper “Bone Mass Is Recovered from Lactation to Postweaning in Adolescent Mothers with Low Calcium Intakes” (Amer. J. of Clinical Nutr., 2004: 1322–1326) gave the following data on total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) (g) for a sample both during lactation (L) and in the postweaning period (P). SubjectL 1928 2549 2825 1924 1628 2175 2114 2621 1843 2541P 2126 2885 2895 1942 1750 2184 2164 2626 2006 2627 Does the data suggest that true average total body bone mineral content during postweaning exceeds that during lactation by more than 25 g? State and test the appropriate hypotheses using a significance level of .05.Following are measurements of soil concentrations (in mg /kg) of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) at20 sites in the area of Cleveland, Ohio. These data are taken from the article "Variation in NorthAmerican Regulatory Guidance for Heavy Metal Surface Soil Contamination at Commercial andIndustrial Sites" (A. Jennings and J. Ma, J. Environment Eng, 2007:587-609). Cr: 260 19 36 247 263 319 317 277 319 264 23 29 61 119 33 281 21 35 64 30Ni: 435 377 359 53 38 38 54 188 397 33 92 490 28 35 799 347 321 32 74 508 (a) Construct a histogram for each set of concentrations. (b) Find the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quartiles for the Cr concentrations (c) Find the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quartiles for the Ni concentrations.
