c) Consider a speech signal with spectral components limited to the frequency band 200 to 3500 Hz. Assume that the sampling rate of 12000 samples/s will be used to generate a PCM signal. The ratio of peak signal power to average quantization noise power (A at the output b. needs to be minimum of 40 dB. i) What is the minimum number of uniform quantization levels needed? ii) What is the minimum number of bits required per sample? iii) Calculate the bandwidth of this system required for the detection of such PCM signal.

Q: In PCM, assuming uniform quantization, what is the signal to noise ratio in dB for 12-bit code word?

A: Quantization is  process in which the continuous amplitude signal is converted in to discrete…

Q: A) A binary channel with bit rate R, = 32000 bits / sec is available for PCM system, if the message…

A: A message signal is transferred from the sender to the receiver end. The signal is transmitted…

Q: 2.Why do the absolute angular encoders utilize Gray code for encoding the angle? What would be the…

A: Absolute encoders are used to determine the true angular location. Incremental encoders, on the…

Q: a. A Gaussian noise voltage with a mean value of 0 V has an RMS noise voltage of 25 mV. For what…

A: I used the concept of Q function and its table to solve this . To obtain percentage , multiply with…

Q: Consider a speech signal with spectral components limited to the frequency band 200 to 3500 Hz.…

A: It is given that : Sampling rate=12000 samples/s the ratio of peak signal power to average…

Q: A speech signal, band limited to 4 kHz, is sampled at 1.25 times the Nyquist rate. The speech…

A: Given fm=4 kHzfs=1.25 ×Nyquist Rate fs=1.25×2fmfs=10kHz

Q: A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit rate of the system…

A: Given: A PCM system uses uniform quantizer. Number of bits, n=2 Bit rate of the system, Rb=50×106…

Q: QI: A PCM system is used to transmit base3 signal of 1024 level, the input signal works in the range…

A: Given :    Here they have mentioned the pulse code modulation .     The number of quantization…

Q: For the above given signal each bit is separated by a vertical line. If duration of a bit is given…

A:

Q: Q1: Plot a BPSK signal for the bit stream data 1010101101, assume that the frequency of signal is…

A:

Q: Suppose that we have a signal X(t), of which its samples X follow a uniform PDF over the range…

A: According to guidlines we need to solve only first three sub parts. according to question we have t,…

Q: Given a bit rate of 10 Mbps and a carrier frequency of 10 MHz or 20 MHz to represent a binary 0 or…

A:

Q: Suppose that we have a signal X (t), of which its samples X follow a uniform PDF over the range…

A: According to guideline we need to slove only first 3 subparts.  According to question we have to, a)…

Q: Q3: Find and plot the MSK signal for the data bits (10110101), assume that the scheme also uses two…

A: Dataa bits are (10110101) For 0 frequency is f1 For 1 frequency is f2

Q: For a speech signal, if a ratio of SNR value over the absolute maximum value of the analog Xrms…

A: Given that ratio of SNR value over the absolute maximum value of an analog signal =(xrms\|x|max), We…

Q: (1) An ADC samples a signal at a sampling rate of 5 kHz. The sampling dynamic range is 16 bits. What…

A:

Q: (a) The message input of the Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is given as follows: Am (t) = cos (20t) (i)…

A: According to the company's guidelines we can solve only first three sub parts kindly post another…

Q: A- A binary polar signal with ±5 volts is received in the presence of an AWGN with zero mean and two…

A:

Q: For a CD audio system, the analog signal is digitized such that the signal to quantization ratio is…

A: Given data: Signal to quantization noise ratio SNQ≥96 dB Sampling frequency fs=44100 Hz

Q: A bit error probability of PB = 104 is required for a system with data rate of 100 Kbits/s to be…

A:

Q: a binary system, bits "1 and 0" are transmitted as signals S,(t)- A volt within 0 st ST. Given that…

A:

Q: Q7: Plot an ASK signal for the bit stream data 1010101101, assume that the frequency = 3f). The…

A:

Q: 3.18 A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit rate of the…

A: Signal to  Quantization noise ratio for pulse code  modulation  SNR =1.8 + 6 n  n = number of bits…

Q: In digital communication .explain all the methods/mechanism used for the minimization of bit error…

A: Bit error rate(BER): The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit…

Q: Output data ratio of a 8-bit PCM-TDM system sampling 24 voice channels, comparing these using μ -law…

A: Given, Number of bit, n= 8 PCM-TDM system sampling having number of voice channels, N=24  Frequency,…

Q: For the above given signal each bit is separated by a vertical line. If duration of a bit is given…

A:

Q: : Plot an ASK signal for the bit stream data 1010101101, assume that the frequency = The amplitude 0…

A:

Q: You are given the following curve. If the signal to noise ration is 10dB per bit and QPSK is used as…

A: Given: The following curve is given: The signal to noise ratio is 10 dB per bit and QPSK is used as…

Q: Q.3 If the 7-bit Hamming code word received by a receiver is 1001011. Assuming even parity, state…

A:

Q: Q13) What is the maximum number of bits that can be sent over a channel where its frequency ranges…

A: Given: The frequency ranges from 12.63 MHz to 12.67 MHz. Bits are sent over a channel using QPSK.…

Q: A 1000-bit signal passes through a digital system. It is said that the signal was transmitted over…

A: 1000 bits are transferred through this channel in 2.1u sec  Now bits transferred in 1 sec is called…

Q: 1. We use the DFT to compute the amplitude spectrum of a sampled data sequence with a sampling rate…

A:

Q: A signal x(t) having a maximum frequency of 8 kHz is applied at the input of a PCM system with 8 bit…

A: For a pulse code modulation system, having a v bit uniform quantizer, the transmission bandwidth can…

Q: adaptive PCM system for speech coding, the input signal is sampled at 10 KHz and each sample is…

A: We need to find data rate for given pcm .

Q: Consider a delta modulation (DM) system used to transmit a voice signal, which is uniformly sampled…

A:

Q: In a digital communication, explain all the methods/mechanism used for the minimization of Bit Error…

A: The methods which are used for minimisation of Bit Error rate is as follows: WDFE beneficiaries got…

Q: 1. A temperature measurement within a range of (-20° to 20° ) with accuracy of 0.25° the readings…

A:

Q: Q4/ A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bits binary encoder. The bit rate of the…

A:

Q: The information in an analog waveform, whose maximum frequency fm34000Hz, is to be transmitted using…

A:

Q: Ql: A BPCM system is used to transmit signal of 512 levels, the input signal works in the range…

A: We need to find data rate and signal to noise ratio

Q: a- When we simulate a continuous system we use an ADC in the output of the analog plant. If the…

A:

Q: If the 7-bit Hamming code word received by a receiver is 1011011. Assuming odd parity, state whether…

A: For 7 bit hamming code the 4-bit are data bit and 3 bit are parity bit that are located  At;…

Q: Consider an audio signal having negligible content above 3.6KHZ. It is desired te transmit this…

A:

Q: A voice signal is bandlimited by an anti-aliasing filter to 3.4 kHz before being (b) linearly…

A: Given : The maximum frequency of the message signal is  fmax = 3.4 K Hz    Here they are using pulse…

Q: Assume a noiseless channel. a) Television channels are 6 MHz wide. How many bits/sec can be sent if…

A: (a) Given bandwidth (B)= 6 MHz Number of levels (M)= 4 (b) Given bandwidth (B)= 12 MHz Number of…

Q: Output data ratio of a 8-bit PCM-TDM system sampling 24 voice channels, comparing these using u -law…

A: Given, Number of bit, n= 8 PCM-TDM system sampling having number of voice channels, N=24  Frequency,…

Q: uraw ne yscm UIOCK UlagTam. 4 (a) What do you think is the primary requirement for Delta Modulation?…

A: A) for delta modulation 1 bit quantizer is needed

Q: Time 1 signal i 1 signal į 1 signal i 1 signal i 1 signal i 1 signal element element element element…

A: Binary FSK signal

Q: Which of the following audio types has the highest bit resolution and sampling rate? A.FM boardcast…

A: In this question,  We need to choose the correct option Which of the following audio types has the…

Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: