Q: Describe the major mechanisms of signal transduction by lipophilic external messengers using interna...
A: The process of signal transduction makes use of the binding of extracellular signaling molecules alo...
Q: Write comprehensively your answer about sequence events leading to evolution by natural selection.
A: Charles Robert Darwin, the famous English naturalist, was the first who founded the theory of organi...
Q: Cells are able to function because they (a) are closed systems (b) have mechanisms that transform en...
A: A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic...
Q: Part #3 Data Analysis Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means they speed up chemical reactions...
A: Enzymes are essential components of all metabolic processes in the body. They are catalytic proteins...
Q: This tissue is used for the transport of sugar. Group of answer choices What is Xylem? What is Phloe...
A: Plants, animals, and precipitation are all interconnected and interdependent in some way. Plants pro...
Q: Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also...
A: Given: The term virus was given by Pasteur.The term virus means venom or poison.Virus was discovered...
Q: Cite an example on how artificial cloning led to the production of an agricultural produce. Describe...
A: "Biotechnology" is the use of our knowledge of biological processes to the development of beneficial...
Q: The cell membrane frequently gets damaged and needs to be repaired. What organelle produces the main...
A: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) composes asystem of membranes that enclose a space. The fluid content of ...
Q: Healthy living cells maintain (a) ATP and ADP at equilibrium (b) equal concentrations of ATP and ADP...
A: Cells are the basic/fundamental unit of life. Thus it is impossible for life to exist on earth in t...
Q: Answer the following question: If a corn grain is actually a fruit, where is the pericarp? Does a c...
A:
Q: How do your phenotypes compare with the most frequent phenotypes in the class population
A: there are many common traits that follow the Mendelian rules of inheritance that could be used for e...
Q: 16.A couple is suspecting that their baby was switched at the hospital. The mother has blood type A,...
A: For this question we need to discuss co-dominant nature of blood group alleles. Blood group is contr...
Q: Complete this Master Mix table for 8 DNA samples, a positive control, negative control, and an extra...
A: Volume per tube (uL) number of reactions volume in master mix (uL) PCR buffer 1.2 11 13.2 dNTP...
Q: uctive Technology help in the conservation of endangered animal? If yes, cite an example of its appl...
A: The technology that includes all fertility treatments in which either eggs or embryos are handled i...
Q: What are the major characteristics of veins and arteries as blood vessels in an animal circulatory s...
A: Heart and blood vessels make up the circulatory system. The circulatory system's important job is to...
Q: Two methods for functionally inactivating a gene without altering the gene sequence involve dominant...
A: RNA interference, also known as RNA silencing, is a biological process that involves the involvement...
Q: Coming from the acid pH of the stomach which pH level does the chyme find when it enters the duodenu...
A: The chyme meets the pancreatic juice in the duodenum at a pH of roughly 8.5. The neutralisation of c...
Q: What is the difference between a complete digestive system and an incomplete digestive system? How a...
A: Animals with an inadequate digestive system have only one opening in the digestive tube (cnidarians,...
Q: Ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals are all examples of: A. Precursors to oncogenes B. Carc...
A: Answer :- Option (D) is correct. -Ionizing radiation, viruses, and chemicals are all examples of:- -...
Q: Polydactyly
A: The polydactyly is a dominant disease , so only individual with genotypes Dd and DD will be affected...
Q: 3.Tay Sachs is a lysosomal storage disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner (T= do...
A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous chrom...
Q: Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary history for cell signaling molecules.
A: Cell signalling is defined as a cell's ability to recognise information from the extracellular envir...
Q: 14. Type 1 fucosidosis is a rare human disease. Patients cannot hydrolyze the disaccharide fucose, a...
A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous chrom...
Q: You are asked to calibrate the ocular micrometer for the 4x objective using the stage micrometer. Yo...
A: Length of stage micrometer is 1mm with 100 divisions ,so each division is of size one-hundredth of...
Q: 8.Roberts Syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is characterized by mild to severe pre...
A: Genetic Disorders arise due to mutations in the genome of an organism. These diseases are present at...
Q: Question 1 i. Choose the correct option. a. Which of the following 1. Mooing 2. Coughing 3. Snoring ...
A: Sounds are used by both humans and animals to communicate. However, the sounds produced by animals c...
Q: Discuss the composition and funtion of the following parts of a flagellete - 1. Flagella 2. Sucking ...
A: Any of a group of protozoans, generally uninucleate organisms, that have one to many flagella for pr...
Q: Draw a simple sketch illustrating signal amplification.
A: In this sketch we can see that epinephrine which is the main hormone secreted from adrenal medulla c...
Q: If a sample of double-stranded DNA gave the following results, what is the concentration (ng/uL) of ...
A: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays used in pathogen detection necessitate the deve...
Q: A chromosomal mutation that occurs during meiosis may or may not be expressed in an organisms offspr...
A: Mutations are changes in DNA sequence during a cell division.
Q: A 48-year-old woman of Mediterranean de- scent presents because of fatigue, arthralgias, discomfort ...
A: Option D i.e. mutation in the gene encoding ankyrin
Q: explain the differences between the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria cell wall structure and...
A: Gram staining: It is a widely employed method to identify and differentiate two large groups of bact...
Q: 1. A pure line Brown coat goat is crossed with pure line White coat goat. Consider the Brown coat is...
A:
Q: Describe the following beans and seeds: 1. Mung bean 2. Snow pea 3. Corn grain
A: Given: The ovule after fertilization develops into seeds.A seed is made up of a seed coat and an emb...
Q: What is the significance of the proton gradient that is established across the thylakoid membrane du...
A: Given: When the electron passes through the ETC,it releases that energy and that energy is used up i...
Q: What are genes / genes and what is their biological significance?
A: Gene The gene is to genetics what the atom is to chemistry. The gene is the unit of genetic informa...
Q: How the structural and developmental characteristics and relatedness of DNA sequences are used in cl...
A: Scientist used to categorised animals on the basis of phenotypic character and sexual behaviour howe...
Q: Does glucose become oxidized or reduced in aerobic respiration?
A: Glycolysis is the process that converts one mole of glucose into pyruvate. The pyruvate has two fat...
Q: My question is Salty and sour taste molecules are transduced directly into an electrical signal ...
A: INTRODUCTION In our oral cavity the taste receptors cells mainly use to identify which the ...
Q: Which has the most energy, the oxidized form of a substance or its reduced form? What is responsible...
A: ANSWER: To understand this question we need to first understand the basic difference between the pro...
Q: Importantance of cell and molecular biology
A: Answer
Q: What impact does knowing the sequence of human genome have on human health?
A: Introduction 3 billion of base pair of nucleotide sequence make the human genome. DNA sequence in o...
Q: Do you think the human species can continue raising its global carrying capacity? How so, or why not...
A: Is it possible for the human species to continue increasing its global carrying capacity, and should...
Q: 1.Which among the following statements is INCORRECT? A.Phenotype is the pair of genes that carries t...
A: Option A is incorrect because Phenotype" refers to an observable trait. "Pheno" simply means "observ...
Q: If a sample of double-stranded DNA gave the following results, what is the concentration (ng/uL) of ...
A: The absorption value of 1 at A260 corresponds to 50 ug/ml So, the value of 1.637 at A260 corresponds...
Q: Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: * A) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease...
A: Though the multicellular organism is originated from a single cell but different cell and different ...
Q: Which of the following is a sense that humans possess? Pain from cold Ultraviolet vision Magnetic...
A: A. Option A is correct because sensory neurons that project throughout our body have a set of channe...
Q: Explain the roles of Vitamin B and Vitamin D in the evolution of skin color. Use appropriate anthrop...
A: Vitamin is a micronutrient essential for the proper growth and functioning of an organism. Although...
Q: 20.Which among the following statements is INCORRECT?
A: Mendel the scientist who work on the inheritance pattern of different plant and animals and proposed...
Q: How can the evolution of one species affect the evolution of another speciees Explain
A: In our ecosystem no species exists separately in the isolation that means each and every species are...
![7. An enzyme is discovered that catalyzes the chemical reaction :
SAD
+ HAPPY
A team of motivated researchers sets out to study the enzyme, which they call happyase.
They find that the kcat for happyase is 600 s -1 and carry out several additional
experiments. When [Et] = 20 nM and [SAD] = 40 µM, the reaction velocity is 9.6 µM s-1.
Calculate KM for the substrate SAD.
8. In a separate enzyme happyase experiment using [Et] = 10 nM, the reaction velocity is
measured at 3 µM s-l. What is the [S] used in this experiment?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb922951d-2773-4842-822d-60d5ada7ed63%2Fe53d35f4-eea8-443b-87f5-0670a97e96d6%2F8uirsft_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- Which of the following methods is not used by enzymes to increase the rate of reactions? a. covalent bonding with the substrate at their active site b. bringing reacting molecules into close prosimity c. orienting reactants into positions to favor transition states d. changing charges on reactants to hasten their reactivity e. increasing fit of enzyme and substrate that reduces the energy of activationIn an enzymatic reaction: a. the enzyme leaves the reaction chemically unchanged. b. if the enzyme molecules approach maximal rate, and the substrate is continually increased, the rate of the reaction does not reach saturation. c. in the stomach, enzymes would have an optimal activity at a neutral pH. d. increasing temperature above the optimal value slows the reaction rate. e. the least important level of organization for an enzyme is its tertiary structure.In the following graph: A represents the product. B represents the energy of activation when enzymes are present. C is the free energy difference between A and D. C is the energy of activation without enzymes. E is the difference in free energy between the reactant and the products.
- An enzyme is found that catalyzes the reaction X ⇌ Y. Researchers find that the Km for the substrate X is 4 μM, and the kcat is 20 min−1.(a) In an experiment, [X] = 6 mM, and V0 = 480 nM min−1. What was the [Et] used in the experiment?(b) In another experiment, [Et] = 0.5 μM, and the measured V0 = 5 μM min−1. What was the [X] used in the experiment?(c) The compound Z is found to be a very strong competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, with an α of 10. In an experiment with the same [Et] as in (a), but a different [X], an amount of Z is added that reduces V0 to 240 nM min−1. What is the [X] in this experiment?(d) Based on the kinetic parameters given above, has this enzyme evolved to achieve catalytic perfection? Explain your answer briefly, using the kinetic parameter(s) that define catalytic perfection.1. The concentration of substrate X is high. What happens to the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction if the concentration of substrate X is reduced? Explain. 2. An enzyme has an optimum pH of 7.2. What is most likely to happen to the activity of the enzyme if the pH drops to 6.2? ExplainAn enzyme is discovered that catalyzes the chemical reaction A team of motivated researchers sets out to study the enzyme, which they callhappyase. They find that the kcat for happyase is 600 s−1 and carry out several additional experiments.When [Et] = 20 nM and [SAD] = 40 μM, the reaction velocity, V0, is 9.6μM s−1. Calculate Km for the substrate SAD.
- 1 what is does the induced -fit model account for? 2 why are most enzyme inactive at higher temperature ( greater than 37degree Celsius) 3 Does this happen to all enzymes in all species? 4 What are the formulas for the reduced form of the coenzymes?1. Substrates and reactive groups in an enzyme’s active site must be precisely aligned in order for a productive reaction to occur. Why, then, is some conformational flexibility also a requirement for catalysis? 2. Some plants contain compounds that inhibit serine proteases. It has been hypothesized that these compounds protect the plant from proteolytic enzymes of insects and microorganisms that would damage the plant. Tofu, or bean curd, possesses these compounds. Manufacturers of tofu treat it to eliminate serine protease inhibitors. Why is this treatment necessary?1) Biochemists use and define a standard transformed Free Energy (ΔG’o), what is all this notation stuff about anyway? 2) What is the mathematical relationship between ΔG’º and K’eq ? 3) What is the single biggest driver of the observed Keq ?
- 2 The free energy-requiring step in the synthesis of ATP is not the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi (ΔG ≈ 0), but the release of tightly bound ATP. Explain why this is not inconsistent with the +30.5 kJ⋅mol-1 free energy of formation of ATP in solution.5. For a Michaelis-Menten enzyme, k1 = 5.2 ⅹ 108 M-1 s-1, k-1 = 3.1 ⅹ 104 s-1, and k2 = 3.4 ⅹ 105 s-1. a) Write out the reaction, showing k1, k-1, and k2. Calculate Ks and Km. Does substrate binding approach equilibrium or the steady state? Justify your answer. b) What is kcat for this reaction? Justify your answer. c) Calculate Vmax for the enzyme. The total enzyme concentration is 25 pmol L-1, and each enzyme has two active sites. d) What substrate concentration would be required for the reaction in (c) to reach half of Vmax. Justify your answer mathematically. e) A second Michaelis-Menten enzyme has k1 = 4.2 ⅹ 107 M-1 s-1, k-1 = 6.1 ⅹ 104 s-1, and k2 = 5.3 ⅹ 102 s-1. Which enzyme is most efficient? 6. A pharmaceutical company is trying to develop a4 In a reaction system, the concentrations of Enzyme-Substrate complex (ES), free enzyme [E] and free substrate [S] are 5mM, 2mM and 45 mM respectively. If the enzyme has 5 identical binding sites for this substrate, then calculate the value of Equilibrium Association constant (Ka)
