Calculate the ATP yields in respiration given a certain type of substrate and process.
1. a) A 10-unit polysaccharide (i.e., contains 10 glucose molecules)
b) Two molecules of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
c) Four molecules of succinic acid
Answer: RESPIRATION: It is a metabolic process, in which free energy released from the oxidation of organic compounds is used in the formation of ATP. The compounds that are oxidized during the process of respiration are known as respiratory substrates, which may be carbohydrates, fats, proteins, or organic acids. Carbohydrates are most commonly used as respiratory substrates. During cellular respirations, respiratory subdtrates such as glucose may undergo far complete or incomplete oxidation. In complete oxidation, respiratory substrates are oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O. In complete oxidation , respiratory substrates are never totally oxidized. Hence, the energy generated through incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrates is lesser than that generated during complete oxidation.
GLYCOLYSIS: It is process in which one mole of glucose is partially oxidized into the two moles of pyruvate in a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions. glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of all cells. it is a unique pathway that occurs in both aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions and doesnot involve molecular oxygen i.e. oxygen independent.
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