Can you explain to me why choice E is the correct answer and break down why the other options are false? Select the choice option that is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP). A. The absolute refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channel closes at the peak of the AP B. The relative refractory period occurs when the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels closes at the peak of the AP C. The relative refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels opens at the peak of the AP D. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane E. All of the choice options are FALSE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the AP

Can you explain to me why choice E is the correct answer and break down why the other options are false? Select the choice option that is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP). A. The absolute refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channel closes at the peak of the AP B. The relative refractory period occurs when the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels closes at the peak of the AP C. The relative refractory period occurs when the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels opens at the peak of the AP D. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane E. All of the choice options are FALSE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the AP

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE: Answer the following questions regarding conduction of action potentials using the velocities given...

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Answer the following questions regarding conduction of action potentials using the velocities given on p. 100: a. How long would it take for an action potential to travel 0.6 m along the axon of an unmyelinated neuron of the digestive tract? b. How long would it take for an action potential to travel the same distance along the axon of a large myelinated neuron innervating a skeletal muscle? c. Suppose there were two synapses in a 0.6 m nerve tract and the delay at each synapse is 1 msec. How long would it take an action potential and chemical signal to travel the 0.6 m now, for both the myelinated and unmyelinated neurons? d. What if there were five synapses?
Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
After the depolarisation phase of an action potential, the resting potential is restored by ______. Question 15 options: A) the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and the closing or inactivation of sodium channels. B) the opening of more voltage-gated sodium channels. C) a decrease in the membrane's permeability to potassium and chloride ions following closing of the chloride-potassium pump. D) a brief inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential? A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.
The extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Why has the membrane potential changed following the Na+ reduction? b) Why has the current injection produced no action potentials? c) How might you experimentally rescue action potential generation?
Which one of these is an example of an excitatory postynaptic potential in a typical neuron? a) A voltage change from -70mV to -70.5mV b) A voltage change from +35mV to 0MV c) A voltage change from 0mV to +0.35mV d) A voltage change from -69.5mV to -70mV
There is a type of toxin found in the liver of the puffer fish that prevents the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons. The effect of this toxin is to: Group of answer choices A. prevents the initiation of the action potential B. depolarizes the membrane potential and maintains it depolarized C. prolongs the return of the membrane potential to the resting level D. increases the duration of the action potential
Post synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential threshold
Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to resting
In the recording below, a neuron was bathed in a saline solution containing a pharmacologicalagent that altered the membrane currents being recorded. a) What ionic current is being recorded in these data? b) What pharmacological agent was likely used in this study and what did it do? c) Is the recorded ionic current transient or sustained and why?d) What is the role of this ionic current in the production of a neuronal action potential?
Nerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.