Cardiac output cannot increase indefinitely because (a) available filling time becomes shorter as the heart rate increases. (b) the cardiac center adjusts the heart rate. (c) the rate of spontaneous depolarization decreases. (d) the ion concentrations surrounding pacemaker plasma membranes decrease.

Q: What is the relationship between end-diastolic ventricular volume and stroke volume in a normal…

A: Human heart is the Center for regulating blood across the body. It is located within the thoracic…

Q: What are Cardiac Action Potentials?

A: Unlike the action potential in skeletal muscle cells, the cardiac nerve impulse isn't initiated by…

Q: What are the mechanisms that assist in returning venous blood to the heart?

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Q: Why is it necessary for cells of the cardiac atria and ventricles to contract in a coordinated…

A: Introduction :- Blood from the veins enters the two atria, which have thin walls. The heart's two…

Q: How is heart contractiontriggered?

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Q: What is ventricular fibrillation?

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Q: What causes heart murmurs in diastole?

A: The circulatory system, in like manner called the cardiovascular structure or the vascular…

Q: What is the blood flow of the heart?

A: Blood is the body fluid that is composed of plasma and formed cell that circulates through the…

Q: How is cardiac output calculated?

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Q: What is the change in intraventricular pressure between the time the first heart sound begins and…

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What is Preload and Afterload in the cardiac output of a human heart?

A: Preload is the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes (muscle cells) prior to contraction. It is…

Q: What effect does a bigger heart have on stroke volume and heart beat?

A: Stroke Volume (SV) can be defined as the volume of blood in milliliters that is ejected from each…

Q: What compensatory measures does the body employ in an attempt to restore cardiac output?

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What anatomical feature prevents the electrical signal from traveling directly from atrial muscle to…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right side to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Walk through the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle?

A: The cardiac event includes the transition from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of…

Q: How does each ECG wave, interval, and segment relate to contraction (systole) and relaxation…

A: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure the regularity of heartbeats and also the size and…

Q: What effect will an increase in parasympathetic activity have on heart rate, force of contraction,…

A: The  Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two interacting systems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic…

Q: How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aidcontraction of the heart?

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What is the relationship between cardiac output and venous return in the steady state?

A: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped into the aorta by the heart per minute, and it is…

Q: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning…

A: Introduction Significance of atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle in the functioning of…

Q: Can you please explain in detail :  is the ventricular afterload a determinant of cardiac…

A: Cardiac Output- This is the process in which blood volume used to ejected by the heart/ unit time.…

Q: How does the long plateau of the cardiac action potential develop and what is its functional role?

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question.  Answer : A Transient Shift In Voltage (Membrane Potential) Across The…

Q: How does the depolarization of pacemaker cells differfrom the depolarization of other cardiac cells?…

A: Anatomy and physiology are the branches of biology, anatomy deals with the study of the structure of…

Q: How do blood volume and venous tone affect cardiacoutput?

A: The heart pumps the blood, and the amount of blood that is pumped by it within one minute through…

Q: Where are AV valves located within the heart? Where are semilunar valves located within the heart?

A: The heart can be defined as the muscular organ about the size of fist that is situated just behind…

Q: Why is afterload important to cardiac function?

A: Introduction: For the proper functioning of heart, optimum pressure for the ejection of blood flow…

Q: Which organs have an increased proportion of cardiac output during exercise? Which receive a…

A: Cardiac output is also called heart output. It describes the blood volume being pumped by the heart…

Q: Is Atrial Fibrillation a lethal rhythm

A: A human heart have four chambers: upper two atrium and lower two ventricles. All the four chamber…

Q: how does the delay of the impulse at the atrioventricular node contrribute to cardiac function?

A: The AV node serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the…

Q: how do gap junction and intercalated disks aids contraction of heart?

A: Cardiac muscle tissues are only limited to the heart. The contractions of the cardiac muscles are…

Q: Why does heart rate increase with exercise?

A: Exercise may be defined as any physical body activity that can increase the fitness of an individual…

Q: How does the heart rate differ before and after exercise?

A: Heart rate, also termed as the pulse rate, is the rate at which a person’s heart beats for one…

Q: Define Ventricular Fibrillation?

A: The human heart is four-chambered. It has two auricles and two ventricles. The auricles pump blood…

Q: What is Cardiac Pacemaker?

A: The heart and blood vessels are the main organs of the cardiovascular system. The heart, which is…

Q: How are preload, afterload, and contractility managed therapeutically in the patient with heart…

A: Heart failure is characterized by the heart’s inability to pump an adequate supply of blood to the…

Q: What is the significance of the difference in thickness of the ventricular walls?

A: The ventricle is one of the two large chambers towards the bottom of the heart that collects and…

Q: What happens when the Pulse pressure Increases?

A: Pulse pressure (Pp) is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). The…

Q: Where does anatomic shunt exist?

A: Introduction: The fetal circulation starts when umbilical vein carrying oxygenated blood flow…

Q: How do heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility affect cardiac output and cardiac workload?

A: The cardiovascular framework circulates blood all through the body in order to supply oxygen and…

Q: How is Cardiac Index?

A: Cardiac index (CI) is the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute per unit body…