Cell A is a glutamatergic neuron with a single synapse onto Cell B. Which of the following events would NOT result in an increased postsynaptic response in Cell B caused by an action potential in Cell A? a. Increase in the amount of glutamate released from Cell A b. Increase in the number of AMPA receptors on the surface of Cell B c. Increase in the number of GABA receptors on the surface of Cell B d. Addition of more synapses between Cell A and Cell B e. These would all increase the postsynaptic response

Cell A is a glutamatergic neuron with a single synapse onto Cell B. Which of the following events would NOT result in an increased postsynaptic response in Cell B caused by an action potential in Cell A? a. Increase in the amount of glutamate released from Cell A b. Increase in the number of AMPA receptors on the surface of Cell B c. Increase in the number of GABA receptors on the surface of Cell B d. Addition of more synapses between Cell A and Cell B e. These would all increase the postsynaptic response

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct...

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Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
An example of a synapse could be the site where: a. neurotransmitters released by an axon travel across a gap and are picked up by receptors on a muscle cell. b. an electrical impulse arrives at the end of a dendrite causingions to flow onto axons of presynaptic neurons. c. postsynaptic neurons transmit a signal across a cleft to apresynaptic neuron. d. oligodendrocytes contact the dendrites of an afferent neurondirectly. e. an onoff switch stimulates an electrical impulse in apresynaptic cell to stimulate other presynaptic cells.
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of themembrane becomes momentarily positive. b. decrease the resting membrane potential to zero. c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value. d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period. e. maintain the resting membrane potential at a constantnegative value.
1. Action potentials are generated in a region called the _______ which includes the axon hillock and the initial segment of the axon. 2.According to the all-or-nothing principle a.once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity. b.the amount of time a neuron must “rest” in between firing episodes is stable. c.as a person ages, his or her neurological system slows down and the intensity of neural impulses decreases significantly. d.if all the neurons in a network are not integrated, the “message” carried by the neurons will be lost.
1. If a single axon is firing at maximum frequency, how does the nervous system know if the stimulus increases further? 2. At maximal stimulation, much above the threshold, how long will it be until an axon fires the next AP? a.The absolute refractory period b.The relative refractory period c.The absolute and relative refractory periods On what part of the neuron are NT receptors typically located? If the activated NT receptors cause channels to open or change thus changing the diffusion of ions, what type of potential will this initially produce A. Resting B. Graded, C.Action, D.Homeostatic
1. The presynaptic portion of a neuron marked A is most likely: a) An excitatory axon b) An inhibitory axon c) An excitatory dendrite d) An inhibitory dendrite e) A cell body 2. The ligand gated channels in neuron C directly across from D are MOST likely: a) Ca++ b) Na+ c) K+ d) Cl- e) Not enough information 3. Why if A, B, and D neurons were all activated, an action potential in neuron C would NOT occur, but if A and D were activated, an action potential in C WOULD occur. Use knowledge of channels and action potentials and explain the answer.
1. Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is first to transmit sensory information from muscles and visceral organs? A. afferent division of the PNS B. efferent division of the PNS C. efferent division of the CNS D. afferent division of the CNS 2. These neuroglial cells cover CNS axons with myelin. A. satellite cells B.astrocytes C.oligodendrocytes D.Schwann cells
1. If you block calcium channels on an axon, which will not occur? A) exocytosis of neurotransmitter B) repolarization phase of the action potential C) depolarization phase of the action potential D) hyperpolarization phase of the action potential E) graded potential
The made-up drug leakyhose degrades myelin resulting in myelin becoming more porous and therefore a poor insulator. 2.) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of leakyhose? A. Propagation of the action potential would likely slow B. The action potential may degrade because it can’t properly be regenerated C. The action potential would not propagate but would rather reverse directions D. Saltatory conduction may be disrupted E. All of the above effects are consistent with the administration of leakyhose
In an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapse
4 Which of the following would be an example of spatial summation that produces a depolarizing effect at the postsynaptic neuron? Resting membrane potential is -70 mV and threshold is -55 mV. Group of answer choices IPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd IPSP of 5 from neuron A Simultaneous application of an IPSP of 5 from neuron A and an IPSP of 10 from neuron B Simultaneous application of an EPSP of 5 from neuron A and an EPSP of 10 from neuron B EPSP of 10 from neuron A followed in close succession by a 2nd EPSP of 5 from neuron A