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Q: 1: Describe the changes in the neuron membrane that occur throughout the course of an action…
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2. Discuss the role of ion channels in the initiation of neuronal excitability.
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- Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.1. An action potential does occur in response to a _____ , which strong enough to depolarize the membrane to threshold.1: Describe the changes in the neuron membrane that occur throughout the course of an action potential. 2: Mention: Resting state, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. 3: mention how the action potential is related to neuron communication.
- 1. It is not important to know the actual numbers for absolute or relative refractory periods. Due to refractory periods, is there a maximum frequency of APs?1.Why are Neurotransmitters critical to our ability to experience stress, relaxation, pain and pleasure? Justify the answer with reference to the functions of Neurotransmitters.1. Explain how the central nervous system and the peripheral system work together to keep the body activities in balance.
- 1. Identify the types and explain the function and any unique features of neurons.1. Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is first to transmit sensory information from muscles and visceral organs? A. afferent division of the PNS B. efferent division of the PNS C. efferent division of the CNS D. afferent division of the CNS 2. These neuroglial cells cover CNS axons with myelin. A. satellite cells B.astrocytes C.oligodendrocytes D.Schwann cells1. What would occur if there were holes in the myelin of a nerve cell that were not nodes? If there was a disease of the cerebrospinal fluid which cells would be effected first? Which cells would respond? Acetylcholine is a well-known neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction (excitatory) and cardiac muscle (inhibitory). Explain how this works, and why this is interesting and useful?
- 7. Which statement describes the sympathetic nervous system? A. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system generally causes a decrease in blood pressure. B. The nerves exit the central nervous system in the head and from the lumbar spine. C. The only neurotransmitters it secretes are epinephrine and norepinephrine. D. There are three different subtypes of adrenergic receptors on target organs.1. Explain what will happen in an axon undergoing an action potential but which is unable to utilize monosaccharides for cellular respiration.4. Which term describes the cell membrane potential of a neuron at rest? a. polarized b. depolarized c. hyperpolarized d. repolarized e. sympolarized