Compare and contrast the Markowitz Portfolio Theory (MPT) with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with reference to the following aspects: Risk measurement; Risk-return graphical presentation – Capital Market Line (CML) versus Security Market Line (SML): Usage in portfolio management.
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- Orb Trust (Orb) has historically leaned towards a passive management style of its portfolios. The only model that Orb’s senior management has promoted in the past is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Now Orb’s management has asked one of its analysts, Kevin McCracken, CFA, toinvestigate the use of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory model (APT).McCracken has determined that a two-factor APT model is adequate where the factors are the sensitivity to changes in real GDP and changes in inflation. McCracken’s analysis has led him to the conclusion that the factor risk premium for real GDP is 8 percent while the factor risk premium for inflation is 2 percent. He estimates for Orb’s High Growth Fund that the sensitivities to these two factors are 1.25 and 1.5 respectively. Using his APT results, he computes the expected return of the fund. For comparison purposes, he then uses fundamental analysis to also computethe expected return of Orb’s High Growth Fund. McCracken finds that the two…ANSWER PART 4 PLEASE Consider the following portfolio choice problem. The investor has initial wealth w and utility u(x) = x^n/n . There is a safe asset (such as a US government bond) that has net real return of zero. There is also a risky asset with a random net return that has only two possible returns, R1 with probability 1 − q and R0 with probability q. We assume R1 < 0, R0 > 0. Let A be the amount invested in the risky asset, so that w−A is invested in the safe asset. What are risk preferences of this investor, are they risk-averse, risk- neutral or risk-loving? Find A as a function of w. Does the investor put more or less of his portfolio into the risky asset as his wealth increases? Now find the share of wealth, α, invested in the risky asset. How does α change with wealth?According to the efficient markets hypothesis,a. excessive diversification can reduce an investor’sexpected portfolio returns.b. changes in stock prices are impossible to predictfrom public information.c. actively managed mutual funds should generatehigher returns than index funds.d. the stock market moves based on the changinganimal spirits of investors
- Consider the following portfolio choice problem. The investor has initial wealth w and utility u(x) = (x^n)/n . There is a safe asset (such as a US government bond) that has net real return of zero. There is also a risky asset with a random net return that has only two possible returns, R1 with probability 1 − q and R0 with probability q. We assume R1 < 0, R0 > 0. Let A be the amount invested in the risky asset, so that w−A is invested in the safe asset. What are risk preferences of this investor, are they risk-averse, risk- neutral or risk-loving? Find A as a function of w. Does the investor put more or less of his portfolio into the risky asset as his wealth increases?.Consider the following portfolio choice problem. The investor has initial wealth w and utility u(x) = x^n/n . There is a safe asset (such as a US government bond) that has net real return of zero. There is also a risky asset with a random net return that has only two possible returns, R1 with probability 1 − q and R0 with probability q. We assume R1 < 0, R0 > 0. Let A be the amount invested in the risky asset, so that w − A is invested in the safe asset. 1. What are risk preferences of this investor, are they risk-averse, riskneutral or risk-loving? 2. Find A as a function of w. 3. Does the investor put more or less of his portfolio into the risky asset as his wealth increases? 4. Now find the share of wealth, α, invested in the risky asset. How does α change with wealth? 5. Calculate relative risk aversion for this investor. How does relative risk aversion depend on wealth?Consider the following portfolio choice problem. The investor has initial wealth w and utility u(x) = X^n/n . There is a safe asset (such as a US government bond) that has a net real return of zero. There is also a risky asset with a random net return that has only two possible returns, R1 with probability 1 − q and R0 with probability q. We assume R1 < 0, R0 > 0. Let A be the amount invested in the risky asset, so that w−A is invested in the safe asset. Now find the share of wealth, α, invested in the risky asset. How does α change with wealth?
- From the following equation for expected returns, explain what may cause stock prices to decrease in economic recessions: E(r) – risk-free rate = A*Var(r) A is the risk aversion for the average investor, and Var(r) is the variance of the market portfolio. Assume that investor risk aversion is constant.a) Explain the practical relevance of the mean-variance model of portfolio selectionWhat is a Dividend Discount model? What is the main advantage of this model over the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) approaches? Explain
- which one is correct? QUESTION 12 Exhibit 6B.1 USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S) The general equation for the weight of the first security to achieve the minimum variance (in a two-stock portfolio) is given by: W1 = [E(σ1)2 − r1.2 E(σ1) E(σ2)] &χεδιλ; [E(σ1)2 + E(σ2)2 − 2 r1.2 E(σ1) E(σ2)] Refer to Exhibit 6B.1. Show the minimum portfolio variance for a portfolio of two risky assets when r1.2 = − 1. a. E(σ1) &χεδιλ; [E(σ1) − E(σ2)] b. E(σ2) &χεδιλ; [E(σ1) − E(σ2)] c. None of these are correct. d. E(σ1) &χεδιλ; [E(σ1) + E(σ2)] e. E(σ2) &χεδιλ; [E(σ1) + E(σ2)]Which statement about portfolio diversification is CORRECT? i) Typically, as more securities are added to a portfolio, total risk would be expected to decrease at an increasing rate.ii) Proper diversification can reduce or eliminate total risk.iii) The risk-reducing benefits of diversification do not occur meaningfully until at least 50-60 individual securities have been purchased.iv) Because diversification reduces a portfolio's total risk, it necessarily reduces the portfolio's expected return.Portfolios A, B, and C all lie on the efficient frontier that allows for risk-free borrowing and lending. Portfolio A and B have the following expected returns and return variances: A: μ_A=0.0925 , σ_A^2=0.0225 ; B: μ_B=0.11 , σ_B^2=0.04. Portfolio C’s return has variance σ_C^2=0.1225. What is the expected return and Sharpe ratio of Portfolio C? What is the risk-free interest rate? Explain your calculations