Conceptual Framework and Reporting Standard: Small and Medium Sized Enterprise 1. Certain topics are not dealt with in the PFRS for SMEs. These topics include: a. Going concern b. Periodicity c. Consistency of presentation d. Earnings per share 2. Entity with total assets of more than P3.0M to P100M or total liabilities of more than P3.0M to P100M are a. Micro entity b. Small sized entity c. Medium sized entity d. Corporation 3. .Entity with total assets of more than P100.0M to P350M or total liabilities of more than P100.0M to P250M are a. Micro entity b. Small sized entity c. Medium sized entity d. Corporation
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Conceptual Framework and Reporting Standard: Small and Medium Sized Enterprise
1. Certain topics are not dealt with in the PFRS for SMEs. These topics include:
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- Conceptual Framework and Reporting Standard: Small and Medium Sized Enterprise 1. The PFRS for SMEs requires that entity’s financial statements should be prepared using an accrual basis of accounting. True of False? 2.The PFRS for SMEs states that the objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and cash flows of the entity that is useful for economic decision-making by a broad range of users who are not in a position to demand reports tailored to meet their particular information needs. True or False? 3. The PFRS for SMEs allows offsetting in assets and liabilities, or income and expenses. True or False?Differential reporting for small- and medium-sized entities:(a) is required for all companies less than a certain size.(b) omits accounting topics not relevant for SMEs, such as earnings per share, and interim and segment reporting.(c) has different rules for topics such as earnings per share, and interim and segment reporting.(d) requires significantly more disclosures, since more items are not recognized in the financial statementsEffect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.22 (pages 6061) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.22 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large enough for the firm to disclose it. Amounts that are not meaningful are shown as n.m. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Amazon.com: Operates websites to sell a wide variety of products online. The firm operated at a net loss in all years prior to that reported in Exhibit 1.22. B. Carnival Corporation: Owns and operates cruise ships. C. Cisco Systems: Manufactures and sells computer networking and communications products. D. Citigroup: Offers a wide range of financial services in the commercial banking, insurance, and securities business. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. E. eBay: Operates an online trading platform for buyers to purchase and sellers to sell a variety of goods. The firm has grown in part by acquiring other companies to enhance or support its online trading platform. F. Goldman Sachs: Offers brokerage and investment banking services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. G. Johnson Johnson: Develops, manufactures, and sells pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, and branded over-the-counter consumer personal care products. H. Kelloggs: Manufactures and distributes cereal and other food products. The firm acquired other branded food companies in recent years. I. MGM Mirage: Owns and operates hotels, casinos, and golf courses. J. Molson Coors: Manufactures and distributes beer. Molson Coors has made minority ownership investments in other beer manufacturers in recent years. K. Verizon: Maintains a telecommunications network and offers telecommunications services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. Verizon has made minority investments in other cellular and wireless providers. L. Yum! Brands: Operates chains of name-brand restaurants, including Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.22 with the firms listed above.
- Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.23 (pages 6263) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.23 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Abercrombie Fitch: Sells retail apparel primarily through stores to the fashionconscious young adult and has established itself as a trendy, popular player in the specialty retailing apparel industry. B. Allstate Insurance: Sells property and casualty insurance, primarily on buildings and automobiles. Operating revenues include insurance premiums from customers and revenues earned from investments made with cash received from customers before Allstate pays customers claims. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or expected to be paid in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. C. Best Buy: Operates a chain of retail stores selling consumer electronic and entertainment equipment at competitively low prices. D. E. I. du Pont de Nemours: Manufactures chemical and electronics products. E. Hewlett-Packard: Develops, manufactures, and sells computer hardware. The firm outsources manufacturing of many of its computer components. F. HSBC Finance: Lends money to consumers for periods ranging from several months to several years. Operating expenses include provisions for estimated uncollectible loans (bad debts expense). G. Kelly Services: Provides temporary office services to businesses and other firms. Operating revenues represent amounts billed to customers for temporary help services, and operating expenses include amounts paid to the temporary help employees of Kelly. H. McDonalds: Operates fast-food restaurants worldwide. A large percentage of McDonalds restaurants are owned and operated by franchisees. McDonalds frequently owns the restaurant buildings of franchisees and leases them to franchisees under long-term leases. I. Merck: A leading research-driven pharmaceutical products and services company. Merck discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of products to improve human and animal health directly and through its joint ventures. J. Omnicom Group: Creates advertising copy for clients and is the largest marketing services firm in the world. Omnicom purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent commissions and fees earned by creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses includes employee compensation. K. Pacific Gas Electric: Generates and sells power to customers in the western United States. L. Procter Gamble: Manufactures and markets a broad line of branded consumer products. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.23 with the firms listed above.How can diff erences in accounting methods aff ect fi nancial ratio comparisons between companies, and what are some adjustments analysts make to reported fi nancials to facilitatecomparability among companies.What is the main purpose of common-size financial statements? a)To facilitate comparisons over time b)To facilitate comparison between different-sized firms c) To facilitate comparison between firms of different structure d) To remove the bias introduced by increasing revenue
- PLEASE ANSWER ALL 4. Management accounting informationa. Pertains to entity as a whole and is highly aggregated.b. Must be prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles.c. Pertains to subunits of the entity and maybe very detailed.d. Is prepared only once a year. 5. Which of the following is not an internal user?a. Corporate officersb. Staff employeesc. Stockholdersd. Department manager 6. Which term describes management accounting reports?a. GAAP reportsb. Special purposec. General-purposed. Regulatory reports26 Who among the following is responsible for the preparation of financial statements of a company? a. TCWG b. None of the options c. Management d. Employee7. Determine the response that best completes the following statements or questions. A) The primary objective of financial reporting is to provide information. multiple choice 1 About a firm's management team. Useful to capital providers. About a firm's financing and investing activities. Concerning the changes in financial position resulting from the income-producing efforts of the entity. B) Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts issued by the FASB multiple choice 2 Represent GAAP. Identify the conceptual framework within which accounting standards are developed. Have been superseded by SFASs. Are subject to approval of the SEC. C) In general, revenue is recognized when multiple choice 3 A good or service has been delivered to a customer. The sales price has been collected. A contract has been signed. A purchase order has been received. D) In depreciating the cost of an asset, accountants are most concerned with…
- PLEASE ANSWER ALL 13. Which of the following is a true statement?a. Neither financial nor management accounting are mandatory.b. Both financial and management accounting emphasize relevance and flexibility.c. Both financial and management accounting place more emphasize on past.d. Both financial and management accounting are based upon the concept of stewardship. 14. Financial accounting is concerned with:a. The company as a whole rather than with segments of a company.b. The needs of stockholders and creditors.c. Meeting the requirements of internal users only.d. Recording the financial history of an organization. 15. The basic difference between management accounting and financial accounting is that:a. Financial accounting is a division of accounting that is Concerned with providing information to stockholders whereas management accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for their use in directing the activities of the organization.b. Financial accounting relies…1. Which of the following scenarios are the most appropriate applications of financial ratio analysis? I. Direct comparison of profitability between two companies which apply divergent accounting policies. II. Comparison of liquidity between two domestic financial institutions which apply consistent accounting policies. III. Direct comparison of profitability of a company before and after implementation of new accounting standards. IV. Trend analysis of financial ratios of a company across time periods.V5. Match the following ____ Complexity in business operations a. Management compensation ____ Timely information b . Accounting procedure that a company ____ Information for control and uses monitoring c. Current and predictive information ____ Differential information d. Need for more specific reports ____ Accounting Policies e. Substantive information that is not in the financial reports f. Financial information must be quantitative g. Financial information not useful in reports
