Consider a 2-year CDS. Assume the conditional default probability is 9% in year 1 and 11% in year 2. Calculate the present value of the expected CDS payout per $1 of notional principal. Assume a 4% riskfree rate and 20% recovery given default.
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- A project does not necessarily have a unique IRR. (Refer to the previous problem for more information on IRR.) Show that a project with the following cash flows has two IRRs: year 1, 20; year 2, 82; year 3, 60; year 4, 2. (Note: It can be shown that if the cash flow of a project changes sign only once, the project is guaranteed to have a unique IRR.)It is January 1 of year 0, and Merck is trying to determine whether to continue development of a new drug. The following information is relevant. You can assume that all cash flows occur at the ends of the respective years. Clinical trials (the trials where the drug is tested on humans) are equally likely to be completed in year 1 or 2. There is an 80% chance that clinical trials will succeed. If these trials fail, the FDA will not allow the drug to be marketed. The cost of clinical trials is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 100 million, most likely case 150 million, and worst case 250 million. Clinical trial costs are incurred at the end of the year clinical trials are completed. If clinical trials succeed, the drug will be sold for five years, earning a profit of 6 per unit sold. If clinical trials succeed, a plant will be built during the same year trials are completed. The cost of the plant is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 1 billion, most likely case 1.5 billion, and worst case 2.5 billion. The plant cost will be depreciated on a straight-line basis during the five years of sales. Sales begin the year after successful clinical trials. Of course, if the clinical trials fail, there are no sales. During the first year of sales, Merck believe sales will be between 100 million and 200 million units. Sales of 140 million units are assumed to be three times as likely as sales of 120 million units, and sales of 160 million units are assumed to be twice as likely as sales of 120 million units. Merck assumes that for years 2 to 5 that the drug is on the market, the growth rate will be the same each year. The annual growth in sales will be between 5% and 15%. There is a 25% chance that the annual growth will be 7% or less, a 50% chance that it will be 9% or less, and a 75% chance that it will be 12% or less. Cash flows are discounted 15% per year, and the tax rate is 40%. Use simulation to model Mercks situation. Based on the simulation output, would you recommend that Merck continue developing? Explain your reasoning. What are the three key drivers of the projects NPV? (Hint: The way the uncertainty about the first year sales is stated suggests using the General distribution, implemented with the RISKGENERAL function. Similarly, the way the uncertainty about the annual growth rate is stated suggests using the Cumul distribution, implemented with the RISKCUMUL function. Look these functions up in @RISKs online help.)A 5-year annuity of ten $5,300 semiannual paymentswill begin 9 years from now, with the first payment coming 9.5 years from now. If thediscount rate is 12 percent compounded monthly, what is the value of this annuityfive years from now? What is the value three years from now? What is the currentvalue of the annuity?
- Answer the following questions: Difference between systematic and unsystematic risk Risk free return= 10%, Market return= 14% beta value=1.5, calculate the required return of asset by using CAPM. Residual theory of dividend with exampleOn Monday, a certain stock closed at $10 per share. Before the stock market opens on Tuesday, you expect the stock to close at $9, $10, or $11 per share, with respective probabilities 0.3, 0.3, and 0.4. Looking ahead to Wednesday, you expect the stock to close 10 percent lower, unchanged, or 10 percent higher than Tuesday’s close, with the following probabilities. Tuesday's Close 10 Percent Lower Unchanged 10 Percent Higher $9 0.4 0.3 0.3 10 0.2 0.2 0.6 11 0.1 0.2 0.7 Early on Tuesday, you are directed to buy 100 shares of the stock before Thursday. All purchases are made at the end of the day, at the known closing price for that day, so your only options are to buy at the end of Tuesday or at the end of Wednesday. You wish to determine the optimal strategy for whether to buy on Tuesday or defer the purchase until Wednesday, given the Tuesday closing price, to minimize the expected purchase price. Develop and evaluate a decision tree. a-1. Determine the optimal…The process of evaluating risk to make certain that the risk cost coverage is adequate to reduce the exposure to risk, is referred to as? Select one: a. Risk coverage b. Liquidity coverage c. Underwriting d. Risk pooling
- Suppose you are 45 and have a $410,000 face amount, 15-year, limited-payment, participating policy (dividends will be used to build up the cash value of the policy). Your annual premium is $1,435. The cash value of the policy is expected to be $16,400 in 15 years. Using time value of money and assuming you could invest your money elsewhere for a 7 percent annual yield, calculate the net cost of insurance. Use (Exhibit 1-A, Exhibit 1-B, Exhibit 1-C, Exhibit 1-D)15. The National Bank of Richmond is worried because one of their largest business customers has decided to take their deposits of $5,000,000 out of the bank. What type of risk is this bank concerned about? O a. Liquidity risk O b. Operational risk Oc Creditrisk O d. Exchange riskThe process of evaluating risk to make certain that the risk cost coverage is adequate to reduce the exposure to risk, is referred to as? Select one: a. Liquidity coverage b. Underwriting c. Risk pooling
- Scenario Your corporation has just approved an 8-year expansion plan to grow its market share. The plan requires an influx of cash in each of the 8 years. Management wants to develop a financial plan to ensure the cash needed for the expansion will be available at the beginning of each of the 8 years. The corporation has the following investment options: Security Price per unit Return Rate (%) Years to Maturity 1 $1,200 10.255 5 2 $1,000 6.7550 6 3 $1,175 12.110 7 Savings Account 5.500 Each unit of security 1, 2, and 3 guarantees to pay $1,000 at maturity. Investments in these securities must take place only at the beginning of year 1 and will be held until maturity. Any funds not invested in securities will be invested in a savings account that pays the annual interest rates noted above. The following table summarizes the cash needs for the expansion plan for each of the 8 years: Year 1 = $250,000 Year 5 = $295,000…Weismann Company issued 18-year bonds a year ago at a coupon rate of 11 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments and have a par value of $1,000. If the YTM on these bonds is 10 percent, what is the current bond price?Calculate the present value of a $1,000 zero-coupon bond with six years to maturity if the yield to maturity is 7%.