Consider a 40 mm x 40 mm × 2 mm thick heat spreader with thermal conductivity of 160 W/m-°C. If the temperature difference across its thickness is 2°C, what is the heat transfer rate through it?
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Q: sof? =120°Cand?
A: given:outer radius r2=7cminner radius r1=5cmthermal conductivity k=25W/mKT1=120CT2=50C
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- Estimate the rate of heat loss per unit length from a 5-cm ID, 6-cm OD steel pipe covered with high-temperature insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/(m K) and a thickness of 1.2 cm. Steam flows in the pipe. It has a quality of 99% and is at 150C. The unit thermal resistance at the inner wall is 0.0026(m2K)/W the heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface is 17W/(m2K) and the ambient temperature is 16C.3.17 A 1.4-kg aluminum household iron has a 500-W heating element. The surface area is . The ambient temperature is 21°C, and the surface heat transfer coefficient is . How long after the iron is plugged in does its temperature reach 104°C?1.10 A heat flux meter at the outer (cold) wall of a concrete building indicates that the heat loss through a wall of 10-cm thickness is . If a thermocouple at the inner surface of the wall indicates a temperature of 22°C while another at the outer surface shows 6°C, calculate the thermal conductivity of the concrete and compare your result with the value in Appendix 2, Table 11.
- 2.38 The addition of aluminum fins has been suggested to increase the rate of heat dissipation from one side of an electronic device 1 m wide and 1 m tall. The fins are to be rectangular in cross section, 2.5 cm long and 0.25 cm thick, as shown in the figure. There are to be 100 fins per meter. The convection heat transfer coefficient, both for the wall and the fins, is estimated to be K. With this information determine the percent increase in the rate of heat transfer of the finned wall compared to the bare wall.The handle of a ladle used for pouring molten lead is 30 cm long. Originally the handle was made of 1.9cm1.25cm mild steel bar stock. To reduce the grip temperature, it is proposed to form the handle of tubing 0.15 cm thick to the same rectangular shape. If the average heat transfer coefficient over the handle surface is 14 W/m K, estimate the reduction of the temperature at the grip in air at 21C.An electronic device that internally generates 600 mW of heat has a maximum permissible operating temperature of 70C. It is to be cooled in 25C air by attaching aluminum fins with a total surface area of 12cm2. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the fins and the air is 20W/m2K. Estimate the operating temperature when the fins are attached in such a way that (a) there is a contact resistance of approximately 50 K/W between the surface of the device and the fin array and (b) there is no contact resistance (in this case, the construction of the device is more expensive). Comment on the design options.
- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.2.9 In a large chemical factory, hot gases at 2273 K are cooled by a liquid at 373 K with gas-side and liquid-side convection heat transfer coefficients of 50 and , respectively. The wall that separates the gas and liquid streams is composed of a 2-cm thick oxide layer on the gas side and a 4-cm thick slab of stainless steel on the liquid side. There is a contact resistance between the oxide layer and the steel of . Determine the rate of heat loss from hot gases through the composite wall to the liquid.2.29 In a cylindrical fuel rod of a nuclear reactor, heat is generated internally according to the equation where = local rate of heat generation per unit volume at r = outside radius = rate of heat generation per unit volume at the centerline Calculate the temperature drop from the centerline to the surface for a 2.5-cm-diameter rod having a thermal conductivity of if the rate of heat removal from its surface is 1.6 .
- One end of a 0.3-m-long steel rod is connected to a wall at 204C. The other end is connected to a wall that is maintained at 93C. Air is blown across the rod so that a heat transfer coefficient of 17W/m2 K is maintained over the entire surface. If the diameter of the rod is 5 cm and the temperature of the air is 38C, what is the net rate of heat loss to the air?Heat is transferred at a rate of 0.1 kW through glass wool insulation (density=100kg/m3) with a 5-cm thickness and 2-m2 area. If the hot surface is at 70C, determine the temperature of the cooler surface.A 2 cm thick steel pipe (thermal conductivity 43 W/[m °C]) with 6 cm inside diameter is being used to convey steam from a boiler to process equipment for a distance of 40 m. The inside pipe surface temperature is 115°C, and the outside pipe surface temperature is 90°C. If there is 600kW of heat loss, what is the thickness of the pipe?