Consider a population of sticklebacks in a large lake undergoing pollution remediation. The remediation is effective in improving water quality and clarity. This could potentially cause the number of bony plates on sticklebacks to evolve. Which of the following answers best identifies the conditions under which NO natural selection would occur?
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- House sparrows (Maya) were introduced to North America in 1852. Since that time thesparrows have evolved different characteristics in different locations. Sparrow populations inthe north are larger-bodied than sparrow populations in the south. This divergence inpopulations is probably at least partly a result of natural selection: larger-bodied birds canoften survive lower temperatures than smaller-bodied birds can. Colder weather in the northmay select for larger-bodied birds. What type of evolution based on natural selectionaccounts for this observation? Explain your answer.. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.The elaborate tail of the peacock (Pavo cristatus) is approximately 120 cm to 150 cm long, while the tail ofthe peahen is quite short. The long tail reduces the male bird’s ability to maneuver and fly and makes him moreconspicuous to predators. Suggest at least one reason why this cumbersome structure has not been eliminatedby natural selection.
- Which of the following does not represent a shared derived homologous trait, in other words, which IS an example of an analogous trait? Group of answer choices bony vertebrae of rabbits and monkeys five digits on the end of the limbs of a whale and human wings of both a bird and insect forward facing eyes in chimpanzees and humansThis is a potential phylogenetic tree created by anthropologists at UC Berkeley.A-Ardipithecus ramidusB-Australopithecus anamensisC-Australopithecus afarensisD-Australopithecus africanusE-Paranthropus aethiopicusF-Paranthropus robustusG-Paranthropus boiseiH-Australopithecus garhiI-Homo rudolfensisJ-Homo habilusK-Homo ergasterL-Homo erectusM-Homo heidelbergensisN-Homo neanderthalensisO-Homo sapiens What kinds of evidence to you think anthropologists used to create this tree?Which of the following is responsible for the early predominant image of Neanderthals as brutish cavemen? a). They had small brain cases with stocky bodies and were always recovered from cave sites b). The fossil evidence reveals that they had little cognitive capacity and had a hunched over posture c). An early fossil find of an Individual suffering from arthritis was assembled and taken as the type specimen foer all Neanderthals, mistakenly giving the idea that Neanderthals were an ape-like, hunched-over species.d). None of the above are true
- Which of the following is not an adaptive pattern of early African hominins? Group of answer choices Speciation was occurring quite frequently. Early hominin species had restricted ranges, thus it is likely they each exploited a small area allowing for rapid genetic diversification through genetic drift and natural selection and speciation. Most of the species appear to have been tied to desert-arid habitats. With the exception of early Homo, there are few evolutionary trends regarding increases in body size or encephalization. All of the early hominins show an ape-like developmental pattern.Many of the morphological differences (e.g. bigger brains, shorter limbs, greater robustness) observed in Neandertals compared with other hominin fossils have been explained as being a result of... Group of answer choices speciation lack of technological advances adaptations to high altitudes adaptations to cold environments island dwarfism“Convergent evolution” refers to the fact that two different kinds of organisms have converged on… features that are similar because they are inherited from a shared ancestor … a similar area with a particular environment that is distinct from where they came from … any features that are the result of selection for similar habitats (e.g., aquatic or burrowing). … features that are similar, but not inherited from a shared ancestor
- Jonathan Losos and colleagues conducted experiments on small, hurricane-swept islands as “natural laboratories.” Which of the following statements is true? The legs of the anoles placed on the islands became shorter, and their offspring inherited shorter legs. Experiments on the small islands show evidence for adaptation by natural selection but not for evolution. Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard populations decreased within a few generations. Islands scrubbed by hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations and observe their evolution. There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. With the emphasis on anatomical and behavioral characteristics, this implies that the researchers are relying on A. Traditional classifications of chimpanzees and humans B. Nonevolutionary classifications of chimpanzees and humans C. An incorrect classification of human ancestors D. Cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humansA number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences among hominidsand rodents indicate that inbreeding may have occurredmore often in hominid than in rodent ancestry. Bakewell et al.(2007. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [USA] 104: 7489-7494) suggest thatan ancient population bottleneck that left approximately 10,000 humans might have caused early humans to have a greaterchance of genetic disease. Why would a population bottleneckinfluence the frequency of genetic disease?