) Consider a simple RSA example. To generate, say, Bob's keypair, we select two "large" primes, p=17 and q=3. Calculate all the things needed, choosing as the encryption exponent e=3. Which one of the following is Bob's public key? A (11,32) B (11,51) C (17,32) D (3, 32) E (17,51) F (3, 51)
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4) Consider a simple RSA example. To generate, say, Bob's keypair, we select two "large" primes, p=17 and q=3. Calculate all the things needed, choosing as the encryption exponent e=3. Which one of the following is Bob's public key?
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- 4) Consider a simple RSA example. To generate, say, Bob's keypair, we select two "large" primes, p=17 and q=3. Calculate all the things needed, choosing as the encryption exponent e=3. Which one of the following is Bob's public key? Group of answer choices (11,32) (11,51) (17,32) (3, 32) (17,51) (3, 51) THE ANSWER IS (3,51) but i need help with this question number 5: 5) In the RSA example of question 4b (i), which of the following is Bob's private (secret) key? I give you the answer for number four you need to use number four to answer number 5 (11,32) (17,51) (3,51) (3,32) (17,32) (11,51)By using 3 prime numbers, we can also define RSA cryptostem where N = pqr. Again we must have gcd(e, ϕ(N)) = 1 and d is the multiplicative inverse of e in modulo ϕ(N). (a) Give an example RSA encryption with prime numbers 41, 43, 47. Choose an encryption key, determine its corresponding decryption key. Send me a message. (b) Why this 3-prime RSA is not preferred? Kindly give an explanation. Thank youAlice and Bod have decided to use a symmetric encryption algorithm. They have some assumptions about their messages:- Messages only contain capital letters (i.e. A to Z)- The length of their shared key must be greater than or equal to the length of the plaintext- They assign each letter a number as follows: (A,0), (B,1), (C,2), (D,3),…, (Z,25)Their algorithm combines the key and the message using modular addition. The numerical values of corresponding message and key letters are added together, modulo 26. For example, if the plain text is “HELLO” and the key is “SECRET” then the encrypted message is calculated as following:Since the length of the plaintext is 5, we just need the first 5 letters of the key (i.e. “SECRE”), then for each letter, we should add corresponding letters in both the plaintext and the key modulo 26.Plaintext: H (7) E (4) L (11) L (11) O (14)Key: S (18) E (4) C (2) R (17) E(4)Cipher: Z (25) I (8) N(13) C(2) S (18) Write a program in Python, C/C++ or JavaScript to…
- Consider the case of Alice sending a message, m, to Bob. Both Alice and Bob use public key cryptography and each has a public and private key as described in the text. The figure attached below shows the operations that Alice must perform to provide confidentiality, authentication, and integrity when sending a message to Bob over the network. We can use either symmetric key or public key cryptography to encrypt a message. For our purposes, either technique will encrypt the message, and applying both doesn't make it "more secure". Also, we can assume that the session key would remain a secret so the fact that it is discarded does not make it "more secure". Why do we use a session key, Ks, instead of relying only on public key Cryptography? In other words, why do we use both public key and symmetric key cryptography?In this problem we explore the relationship between password length and cryptographic security. Suppose a password consists of 6 ASCII characters. You can review the ASCII characters here.. Exactly 2^7 = 128 of these codes are for printable characters; we will assume every character in the password is printable. What is the size of the keyspace that consists of passwords of this form? What is the equivalent key length in bits? Assuming that you could check one password every 10^-8 seconds, what is the worst case running time for cracking this password by brute force search (in days)? Now assume that the user used only 31 characters from the keyboard. What is the key length in bits in this case? How many days, in the worst case, would it take to break this weaker password? You can't round to the nearest day here -- be as exact as possible. Supposing you used only 31 characters, how long is the shortest password that achieves 84 bits of security?Suppose p=5 and q=11. Which of the following is the private key of an RSA cryptosystem with public key (n,e)=(55,7)? a. (55, 23) b. (55, 15) c. (55, 39) d. None of the Above
- Let p = 37 and q = 31 in the RSA set up. A. What are all the valid exponents in this case? Pick a specific value of exponents, e1. For this exponent (public key) compute the corresponding private key d1. Take message x = random value from the set of allowed values? Define this set explicitly. For this x, compute the cipher y using the public key. Decrypt this y using the private key. Show all steps in the encryption and decryption process; use the fast method for exponentiation. I can do most of the problem except I am having problems proving the fast method, so a detailed explaination on how to do that would be appreciated. Thank you.Consider the RSA cryptosystem. If we take P=13 and Q=19 then: 1. What could be the possible value of e , if we take e < 15 ? Calculate a suitable d for the e you have selected above.We know that RSA works with numbers. Assume we want to encrypt the plaintextM=“ComputerSecurity”. We know we should use the following formula: C=Me mod N inwhich (e,N) is the public key. But before using this formula, at first, we should convert Minto a number. To do so, there are different solutions. Search the Internet and explain oneof them. Show different steps of the selected solution on the given plaintextM=“ComputerSecurity” as an example. Consider padding as well.
- (do completely) Question 3 One way to solve the key distribution problem is to use a line from a book that both the sender and the receiver possess. Consider the following ciphertext: B G L C J J Y Y N U D N T G T The key used to encrypt the original message is derived from the first letter of the first four words in the first sentence of The Hunt for the Red October, written by Tom Clancy. “Captain First Rank Marko Ramius of the Soviet Navy was dressed for the Arctic conditions normal to the Northen Fleet submarine base at Polyarnyy.” (Hint: The encoder has removed the blanks between the ciphertext. The key used here might not be a meaningful English word. However the plaintext is a meaningful English phrase). (a) Retrieve the key. (b) Retrieve the whole plaintext.In this problem we explore the relationship between password length and cryptographic security. Suppose a password consists of 77 ASCII characters. You can review the ASCII characters here.. Exactly 27=12827=128 of these codes are for printable characters; we will assume every character in the password is printable. What is the size of the keyspace that consists of passwords of this form?What is the equivalent key length in bits? Assuming that you could check one password every 10−810−8 seconds, what is the worst case running time for cracking this password by brute force search (in days)? Now assume that the user used only 3131 characters from the keyboard. What is the key length in bits in this case? How many days, in the worst case, would it take to break this weaker password? You can't round to the nearest day here -- be as exact as possible. Supposing you used only 3131 characters, how long is the shortest password that achieves 252252 bits of security?In this problem we explore the relationship between password length and cryptographic security. Suppose a password consists of 1212 ASCII characters. You can review the ASCII characters here.. There are exactly 27=12827=128 ASCII characters; we will assume every character in the password is ASCII (non-printing characters are allowed). What is the size of the keyspace that consists of passwords of this form? ___What is the equivalent key length in bits? ___ Assuming that you could check one password every 10−710−7 seconds, what is the worst case running time for cracking this password by brute force search (in days)? ___ Now assume that the user used only 2828 characters from the keyboard. What is the key length in bits in this case? ___ How many days, in the worst case, would it take to break this weaker password? You can't round to the nearest day here -- be as exact as possible. ___ Supposing you used only 2828 characters, how long is the shortest password that achieves 249249 bits…
