Consider a small macroeconomy located near the South Pacific Ocean where the current interest rate is 15 percent and the potential level of real GDP equal to $2.7 billion. Consumers spending behavior is described by the equation: C = 175 + 0.8DI, while firm's investment spending behavior is described by the equation: I = 60 + 0.25Y-750r. Trade is allowed and currently, total exports is fixed at $150 million while total imports is described by the equation: IM = 320 +0.1Y. The government's spending is fixed at $840 million and net taxes is described by the equation: T=50 + 0.25Y. (Question 1 of 6) What is the current equilibrium level of GDP (in millions of dollars)? (report your answer at 3 decimal places)
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- Consider the following 2-period model U(C1,C2) = min{3C1,4C2} C1 + S = Y1 – T1 C2 = Y2 – T2 + (1+r)S Where C1 : first period consumption C2 : second period consumption S : first period saving Y1 = 20 : first period income T1 = 5 : first period lump-sum tax Y2 = 50 : second period income T2 = 10 : second period lump-sum tax r = 0.05 : real interest rate Find the optimal saving, S*Determine the equilibrium income y and interest rate r,given the following information about the commodity market C=0.6Y+60 I=-40r+1300 Where C and I dwnote consumption and planned invesment ,respectively,and the following information about the money market Ms=600L1=0,2y L2=-30r+40The Based on the following equations Saving (S)= 0.2Y Investment(1)= - 30r + 740, Money Supply(Ms)= 4000 Transaction Demand for Money(L 1) = 0.15Y Speculative demand for money (L2) =-20r+3825. The simple investment multiplier is
- Limitless Ltd. is planning to buy a new warehouse to store its production output. The investment would require £500,000 to be paid upfront. Thanks to the new warehouse, the company expects to increase its profits by £120,000 annually for the next five years, and then £60,000 for the following five years. Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of this investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 12%. Should Limitless Ltd. go ahead with the purchase of the new warehouse? Explain your reasoning. What is the payback period of this investment? Suppose the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of this investment opportunity is 15%. Based on this information alone, should Limitless Ltd. make the investment? Why? Would this decision be consistent with that from B? Explain your reasoning. Suppose that, instead of paying the initial £500,000 now, Limitless Ltd. decides to pay it in equal instalments over the next 10 years. How much would the company need to pay each year to make all…Bora's income in the current period is y=200, and income in the future period is y'=250. He pays lump-sum taxes t=30 in the current period and t'=10 in the future period. The real interest rate is 5%, per period.Suppose that Bora will always choose current consumption, c and the future consumption, c′ in a constant proportion:c=32c′ a) Determine the optimal current-period and future-period consumption for Bora. b) Determine the optimal saving for Bora, and show this in a diagram with his budget constraint and indifference curves, and also determine if Bora is a lender or a borrower?Suppose the desired consumption function of Canadaland is given by C^d= 0.5 + 0.7Y - 10r - 0.1G, where Y is income, r is the real interest rate, and G is government purchases. This implies that a. Desired consumption is increasing in the real interest rate b. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 c. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75 d. Desired consumption is increasing in governmental purchases
- A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t) is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future. Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?The Based on the following equations Saving (S)= 0.2Y Investment(1)= - 30r + 740, Money Supply(Ms)= 4000 Transaction Demand for Money(L 1) = 0.15Y Speculative demand for money (L2) =-20r+3825. Find : The simple investment multiplier isQUESTION TWOConsider the consumption function is given byC = 200 + 0.75YDWhere YD is disposable income Suppose that the economy faces an investment function of the formI = 200 – 25r.Suppose further that G =T = 100 and the money demand function takes the form(M/P) = Y – 100r.The money supply M is 1,000 and Price level P is 2Required:(i) Formulate the IS equation and the LM equation.(ii) Find the equilibrium interest rate and the equilibrium level of income. (iii) If government expenditure increases by 50, by how much does the IS curveshift? (iv) If the money supply increases by 200. How much does the LM curve shift?
- Consider a closed-economy. The economywide expected future marginal product of capital is MPKf = 50 − 0.05K^f , where Kf is the future capital stock. The depreciation rate of capital, δ, is 10% per period. The current capital stock, K, is 900 units of capital. The real price of a unit of capital is 8 unit of output. Firms pay taxes equal to 20% of their output. The consumption equation is C = 100 + 0.6Y −100r, where C is consumption, Y is output, and r is the real interest rate. Government spending equals 150 and full-employment output is 1000. (a) Suppose the current real interest rate is 10% per period. What are the values of the tax-adjusted user cost of capital, the desired future capital stock, and the desired level of investment? (b) When the real interest rate equals 10%, what are the desired levels of consumption and saving (assuming output is at the full-employment level)? 10 (c) Is the goods market in equilibrium when the real interest rate equals 10%? Provide an intuitive…Suppose the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equation: Y = C + I + G + (X-M) Equilibrium condition C = 2000 -f' 0.75Yd Consumption equation I = 4000 Investment expenditure G = 4100 Government Expenditure X = 2800 Export M = 400 + 0.25Y Import equation T = 100 + 0.3Y Tax equation Yd = disposable IncomeRequired: Derive Balance of Payment (BP) curve and explain why it slopes upwards Compute equilibrium national income and Imports for the economy. Differentiate between the closed-economy model and the open economy modelConsider a 2-period economy populated with consumers that have the same income and the same preferences. There is also a government whose objective is to spend 60 in period 0 and 150 in period 1. This government can issue bonds in period 0. Each bond pays an interest rate r. Consumers can also issue bonds at the same interest rate. Consumers' optimal decisions, given r, imply that aggregate consumption C0* is equal to 2/3(Yo – To) + 2/3(Y1 – T1)/(1+r). Suppose that Yo = 300 and that income is expected to remain at this level in period 1. A major recession begins in period 0. As a result, economic activity falls by 18 in period 0. National income is expected to fall by 20 in period 1. Consumers believe these economists. a) Use a graph to explain why the equilibrium interest rate r falls from 0.25 to 0.2 in period 0 because of this recession. c) Economists were wrong. The recession does not continue into period 1 so that y1 remains at 300. How does this new information affect consumers?…