Consider a strictly concave and continuously differentiable utility function U(T1, T2) describing well-behaved preferences. Derive the necessary and sufficient condi- tions on the second order derivatives of U(1, 2) so that ₁ and 2 are normal goods [Hint: There is a relationship between the Hessian of U(₁, 2) and the sign of the denominator of an expression relevant to this analysis]. Use these conditions to verify what is the relationship, if any, between the normality of ²U (11,12). the goods and the sign of Əx₁₂
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- Emma has a utility functionU(x1, x2, x3) = logx1+ 0.8 logx2+ 0.72 logx3over her incomes x1, x2, x3 in the next three years. This is an example of(A) expected value;(B) quasi-hyperbolic utility function;(C) standard discounted utility;(D) none of the above. Emma’s preferences can exhibit which of the following behavioral patterns?(A) preference for flexibility;(B) context effects;(C) time inconsistency;(D) intransitivity.Which of the FF. statements is correct regarding the preference of the consumers when the income of the consumer can only be spent between apples and oranges? Assume that apples are written on the vertical axis while oranges are written on the horizontal axis A. when the consumer has few oranges, he is willing to trade more apple to get another orange B. when the consumer has so many oranges already, he will only exchange less apples for an orange C. the declining slope of the indifference curve shows the marginal value of oranges is declining D. all are correct E. none is correctExistence of representative consumer Suppose households 1 and 2 have one-period utility functions u(c1) and w(c2), respectively, where u and w are both increasing, strictly concave, twice-differentiable functions of a scalar consumption rate. Consider the Pareto problem: Subject to the constraint c1 + c2 = c. Show that the solution of this problem has the form of a concave utility function vθ(c), which depends on the Pareto weight θ. Show that vθ(c) = θu (c1) = (1 − θ)w (c2). The function vθ(c) is the utility function of the representative consumer. Such a representative consumer always lurks within a complete markets competitive equilibrium even with heterogeneous preferences. At a competitive equilibrium, the marginal utilities of the representative agent and each and every agent are proportional.
- It is given that a typical consumer has a well-behaved preference structure for his consumption bundle, which includes only two goods, A and B. Further, assume that commodity A is normal and commodity B is Giffen. By keeping commodity A on the x-axis and commodity B on the y-axis, you are required to show the price decomposition for commodity B when $PB decreases exogenously relative to $PA.Solve; a consumer utility function is given as 64q10.5q20.25q30.4 2. derive the second-order partial derivatives of the utility function with respect to the three pairs of commoditiesMats, who has reference-dependent preferences over beer and money, goes to the local pub with a friend, but is not planning on drinking any beer or spending any of his 50 Euro in cash. Let his end-of-evening outcomes in pints of beer consumed and cash be c1 and c2, respectively, and let his reference point in pints of beer and cash be r1 and r2, respectively. Then, Mats’ utility is given by v(6c1 − 6r1) + v(c2 − r2), where v(x) = x for x ≥ 0, and v(x) = 1.5x for x < 0. (a) Suppose that the price of beer is pB. Calculate Mats’ utility from drinking one pint of beer at this price. What is Mats’ utility from drinking no beer? And, comparing these two utility values, what is the maximum price pB that Mats would pay for one beer? (b) Suppose that Mats unexpectedly gets a pint of beer as part of a promotion at the pub, and incorporates its consumption into his reference point in beer. [Hint: this means that (r1, r2) = (1, 50).] Suppose that Mats could sell the beer at a price pS.…
- Suppose a consumer is indifferent between the bundles (x1, x2) = (20, 10) and (15, 16), and suppose that the same consumer prefers the bundle (19, 9) to both. Is there anything wrong about her preferences when evaluated against the standard assumptions of consumer preferences?Bob has a utility function U(x, y) = √x1 + 0.8√x2 + 0.64√x3 over his incomes x1, x2, x3 in the next three years. This function is an example of (A) expected utility; (B) quasi-hyperbolic utility function; (C) discounted utility; (D) none of the above. . Which of the following preferences agree with Bob’s utility? (A) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (9, 10, 12); (B) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (11, 10, 9);(C) (9, 10, 11) ≻ (9, 11, 10); (D) none of the above. Bob’s utility function implies (A) time stationarity; (B) transitivity; (C) impatience; (D) all of the above.Clarice has a utility function: U(Y) = 1000 - (100/Y), where Y is her income. clarice has just graduated from college and has a career choice for her first job of either working as a teacher and earning $40,000 or trying to become a theatre lighting director and earning $70,000 (if there is growth in the demand for theatre) or $20,000 (if there isn't growth in the demand for theatre). there is a 50% probability of growth. a consulting firm guarantees Clarice that it already knows whether there will be growth in the demand for theatre next year. what is the maximum amount Clarice should be willing to pay for this information?
- Why the following variables (x1, x2 and x3) cannot be the Marshallian demandfunctions of a consumer with well–behaved preferences, even when pa ≥ pc.x1(p,y)= y/2pax2(p,y)= (pc y)/2pa pbx3(p,y)= (pa-pc)y/2pa pcHINT: Use properties of the Marshallian demand function to check this.Utility functions of a consumer: U = 20x10.4x20.4 Specify:a. marginal utility of each item.b. If the consumption of x1seee is 80 and x2 as much as 60 units, the price of Px120 and Px2 25, Determine if there is a balance of consumption?Let u(x) be a utility function that represents % and let f(.) be a continuousmonotonic function. f(x) is monotonic when x > y ⇐⇒ f(x) > f(y) a) Show that any monotonic transformation of the utility function (f ◦u) can also represent the same preferences.