Consider a Variant of the ultimatum game we studied in class in which players have Fairness considerations. The timing of the game is usual. First, Player 1 proposes the split (100-X, X) OF a hundred dollars to player 2, where XE [0,100]. Player 2 observes split & decides whether to accept (in which case they recieve money according to proposed Split) or reject (in which case they both get žero dollars). But now player i's utility equals to her monetary Utility minus
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- . If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.There are 2 players. They take Ston eS From the Pilt of 6 Stones. Player 1 can takt only 2 or 3 Stones. piayer 2 can taKeS only 2 or 4 StonesS. P layers take turns, observe dil Previous moves, and player 1 mover first. A pla yer loses if She can not make a legal move, While another player ir declared the Winner. Let the pay oF OF Winning egval to 1 and the payoFF OF losing equal to 0. a) represent the in ɛxtemsive Form (depict Only legalmoes) b) Find all SPNE OF this game& explain your a mwwer. Who Will Win ? game Only legalmar)First Player can invest $1.00 with Second Player. Second Player chooses whether tc cooperate and make the promised investment, or appropriate and keep First Player'a $1.00. Based on the payoff matrix shown below (first player payoffs on bottom left of cell, second player payoffa on upper right of cell), what will be First Player's payoff if contracis are not enforceable? Second Player Cooperate Appropriate Invest 1.5 1.0 First Player 1.5 -1.0 Don't Invest
- Please no written by hand and no emage Two classmates A and B are assigned a group project. Each student can choose to Shirk or Work. If one or more students chooses Work, the project is completed and provides each with credit valued at 4 payoff units each. The cost of completing the project is that 6 total units of effort (measured in payoff units) is divided equally among all players who choose to Work and this is subtracted from their payoff. If both Shirk, they do not have to expend any effort but the project is not completed, giving each a payoff of 0. The instructor can only tell whether the project is completed and cannot determine which students contributed to the project. A. Write down (draw) the normal form game, with payoff in the format of (player A payoff, player B payoff). Note that we assume students choose to Shirk or Work simultaneously. B. Does either player have a dominant strategy? C. Find the Nash equilibrium or equilibria. D. Explain ‘Prisoners’ dilemma’ using the…A game is played as follows: First Player 1 decides (Y or N) whether or not to play.If she chooses N, the game ends. If she chooses Y, then Player 2 decides (Y or N) whetheror not to play. If he chooses N the game ends. If he chooses Y, then they go ahead and playanother game with the payoffs shown below. A player who opts out by choosing N gets 2 andthe other player gets 0. Draw the tree of this game and then find the two subgame-perfect Nashequilibria.[Adverse Selection] Each of the two players receives an envelope, in which there is anamount of money that is equally distributed from $0, $1, $2, ..., $100. The amounts in twoenvelopes are independent. After receiving the envelope, each individual can check exactlyhow much money is put in his/her own envelope. Then each player has the option to exchangehis/her envelope for the other individual's prize. The decisions are made simultaneously. Ifboth individuals agree to exchange, then the envelopes are exchanged; otherwise, if at leastone player chooses not to exchange, each individual keeps his/her own envelope and receivesits attached sum of money.a. Model this game as a static Bayesian game (write the normal formrepresentation) and find the Bayesian Nash equilibrium.b. Consider a new game where the probability distribution of money in eachenvelope is changed. The amount is equal to $100 with probability 90%, and is equalto each number in $0, $1, $2, ... ,$99 with probability 0.1%.…
- Consider a Variant oF the ultimatum qame We Studicd inclass in which players have Fairness considerations . The timing OF the qame is vSual. First , Player 1 propasar the split (100 -x", x) OF a hundred dellars to player 2,Where XE [0,100]. Player 2 observes split & decides whether to accept (in which case they recieve Money accor ding ti proposed Split) or reject (in Which Case they both get žero dollars).But now player i's Utility equals to her monetary Vtility minus the disutility From unFairneas proportional tO the differene in Monetary OutcCOMeS . That is, qiven a Final Split (m. ,m.) ket u, (m. ,m.) = m, -P. (m, - m2)" %3D U. (m. ,m2) = m,- P2 (m,-m.) Where PP are parametens of the game indicating how strongly Players care a bout Fairness. Note that the case we considered corres pends to B, = B2 = 0 (a) Let B, = To ,P2 = alcept ? revect ? Describe all seguentially rational Strategies For player 2. b) Let B, = 10 ,$=0. For each sequentially rational Strategy of player 2 yoU…3. Find the saddle point, if it exists, for the following game. (b) Solve the following game by using the principle of dominance and find the probabilities of strategies for each player and the value of the game. Player B Player A II III IV V 3 4 4 II 2 4 III 4 4 IV 4 4 20 2420 8760You and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…
- Question Completion Status: Gekko QUESTION 8 Good Quality a Poor Quality SERDE 1 INSGE 19 2 Good Quality Wonka 10 Gekko = 10 Wonka = 12 Gekko = 9 1 Wonka Refer to Table 17-7. Wonka and Gekko agree to cooperate so as to maximize total profit. If this game is played repeatedly and Wonka uses a tit- strategy, it will choose a O a. good quality product in the first round and in subsequent rounds it will choose whatever Gekko chose in the previous round. O b. poor quality product in all rounds, regardless of the choice made by Gekko. C. good quality product in all rounds, regardless of the choice made by Gekko. d. poor quality product in the first round and in subsequent rounds it will choose whatever Gekko chose in the previous round. Poor Quality Wonka = 9 Gekko = 12 Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Wonka = 11 Gekko = 11 O Pleshow! www 0 R Aaa W 3,5 3,4 8,4 0,0 3,3 8,9 y 0,1 5,9 9,8 Describe a strategy for player 1 that dominates x. O (1/3.0. 2/3) 1.0,0) O01.1) toConsider a setting in which player 1 moves first by choosing among threeactions: a, b, and c. After observing the choice of player 1, player 2 choosesamong two actions: x and y. Consider the following three variants as towhat player 3 can do and what she knows when she moves:a. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 knows player 2’s choice when she moves. Write down theextensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)b. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 does not know player 2’s choice when she moves. Writedown the extensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)c. If player 1 chose either a or b, then player 3 selects among two actions: high and low. Player 3 observes the choice of player 2, but not that of player 1. Write down the extensive form of this setting.(You can ignore payoffs.)