Consider modeling the concentration of a chemical in a lung using the table below. Fill in the missing values and calculate the concentration at time t = 1 if the starting concentration is   c0 = 0.11 mmol/L (millimoles per liter). Suppose the volume of the lung is V = 2.5 liters, the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in each breath is W =1.5 liters, and the ambient concentration of the surrounding air is a fixed 0.18 mmol/L. STEP Volume (L) Chemical (mmol) Concentration (mmol/L) Before Exhale 2.5   0.11 Exhale 1.5   0.11 After Exhale     0.11 Inhale 1.5     After Inhale       The concentration at time t = 1 is c1: ______

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.