Consider the following HTTP exchange and answer the following questions:
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A: Solution ::---
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Consider the following HTTP exchange and answer the following questions:
Message sent by 95.184.23.36 to 216.165.47.12
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nyu.edu
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:86.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/86.0
Accept:
text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*
;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: identity
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Part of the message sent by 216.165.47.12 to 95.184.23.36
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:33:27 GMT
Server: Apache
WWW: www2
Last-Modified: Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:00:20 GMT
ETag: "7a058d-15153-5bd418715c017"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 86355
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Set-Cookie: BIGipServer~WSQ-EDU-MED~wwwhttp=rd1618o00000000000000000000ffffd8a52029o80; path=/; Httponly
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
Given Figure 1. What is last modification date of the requested object?
Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:33:27 GMT
Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:00:20 GMT
Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:33:27 EST
Thu, 11 Mar 2021 12:00:20 EST
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- Consider the following page address stream: 2 1 4 3 5 3 2 4 5 2 1 2 4 3 1 Which of the following causes the most page faults to occur on a machine with 3 frames? Scheme that causes the most faults: a) First in First out b) LRU and FIFO are the same number of faults c) FIFO and Opitimal are the same number of faults d) All have the same number of faults e) Least Recently Used f) No faults occurs g) LRU and Optimal are the same number of faults h) Optimal NUMBER OF FAULTS CAUSED: a)4. [Socket] What is a socket? Suppose a process in Host C has a UDP socket with port number6789. Suppose both Host A and Host B send a UDP segment to Host C with destination portnumber 6789. Will both segments be directed to the same socket at Host C? If so, how will theprocess at Host C know that these two segments originated from two different hosts? 5. [Demultiplex] Define multiplexing and demultiplexing. Briefly explain how TCP demultiplexing isdifferent than UDP demultiplexing. 6. [rdt] Consider a reliable data transfer protocol that uses only negative acknowledgments.Suppose the sender sends data only infrequently. Would a NAK-only protocol be preferable to aprotocol that uses ACKs? Why? Now suppose the sender has a lot of data to send and the end-to-end connection experiences few losses. In this second case, would a NAK-only protocol bepreferable to a protocol that uses ACKs? Why?2.2-8 A detailed look at an HTTP reply. Suppose now the server sends the following HTTP response message the client: HTTP/1.0 200 OKDate: Wed, 09 Sep 2020 23:46:21 +0000Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)Last-Modified: Wed, 09 Sep 2020 23:51:41 +0000ETag:17dc6-a5c-bf716880.Content-Length: 418Connection: CloseContent-type: image/html Will the web server close the TCP connection after sending this message?
- Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your localhost, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1, . . ., RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Assuming zero transmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? Justify your answer.Suppose Alice with a Web-based e-mail account (such as Gmail) sends it message to Bob, who accesses his mail from his mail server using POP3. Discuss how the message gets from Alice's host to Bob's host. Be sure to list the series of application -layer protocols that are used to movethe message between the two hosts.The WebSocket protocol provides a way to exchange data between browser and server via persistent connection. Once the socket is created, there are events following that. Analyze all the FOUR (4) events and provide a code snippet of every event.
- Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL isnot cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers arevisited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1, . . ., RTTn.Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount ofHTML text. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Assuming zerotransmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receivesthe object?Suppose Alice, with a Web-based e-mail account (such as Hotmail or Gmail), sends a message to Bob, who accesses his mail from his mail server using POP3. Discuss how the message gets from Alice’s host to Bob’s host. Be sure to list the series of application-layer protocols that are used to move the message between the two hosts.Scenario There is design1.csv file attached to this router interfaces ip_on_interfaces R1 s1, fa1 10.0.2.1, 192.168.1.3 R2 s0 10.0.2.2, R3 s0, Fa0, s1 10.0.2.3, 192.168.4.3, 192.168.5.5 R4 s0, s2 10.0.2.4, 192.168.8.8, Write a Python script to generate configuration files automatically for each router in the first column. Example, for router R1, the configuration file name should be “r1_config.cfg” and so on. The configuration commands for router R1 are as follows, the other routers’ commands are similar, according to the design file: #configure terminal # hostname R1 # enable secret Pas$w0rD # interface s1 # ip address 10.0.2.1 # no shutdown # interface fa0/1 # ip address 192.168.1.3 # no shutdown # end
- In this programming assignment, you will implement a decentralized peer-to-peer network architec-ture (P2P), including the basic implementation of the BitTorrent protocol (BTP). General P2P architec-tures can be classified into centralized and decentralized, In P2P centralized architectures, new peers senda request to the Traker (normally done via HTTP) requesting a list containing all the IP addresses ofthe peers that are already connected to the P2P network sharing the same file. The tracker then, replieswith a response containing such list. In P2P decentralized architecture, each peer is also a Traker, and itcan share only limited resources because it only sees the partial network. On the other hand, P2P decen-tralized networks avoid single point of failure since they do not depend of centralized trackers. Examplesof P2P applications that are/were implementing centralizing architectures are Nasper, the Berkeley OpenNetwork Infrastructure (BOINC) and some versions of BitTorrent.…Assume we have a client using a web browser that is directly connected to a web server. We are assuming there is a direct link between the client and the server. The RTT delay between the client and the server is 10 msec. The time it takes the server to transmit an object to its outgoing link is 2 msec. Now suppose that the client has the web page that it wants already cached locally. But the user wants to constantly check for updates and sends conditional get requests one after the other 20 times -- that is, once it gets a response and/or the updated object it sends out the next request. If we are using persistent HTTP and the cached object is up-to-date 40% of the time, how much time will elapse between sending the first request and the completion of the last one?Consider the following page referance string:4,2,2,4,6,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,6,1,5How many page faults would occur for the Second Change (or Clock) Page replacement, assume three frames?Remember that all frames are initially empty, so your first unique pages will cost one fault each