MC9: In wireless LAN communication, MACA is widely used. In this protocol, in order to avoid collision, a sender can send sender is granted the privilege to send a frame to the receiver only after it receives request signal to a receiver. The replied from the receiver. O RTS, RTS CTS, CTS RTS, CTS CTS RTS
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- UDP Echo ApplicationA UDP Echo program is a simple network application that demonstrates the basicprinciples of UDP communication. In this program, a server listens for incoming UDPpackets from clients, and when it receives a packet, it echoes (sends back) the samepacket to the client. The client sends a message to the server, and the server returns thesame message. It's often used for testing network connectivity and understanding thefundamentals of UDP communication. (Answer the following question using python) Implement both the server and client components of this UDP Echo program whileadhering to the features outlined below. Please ensure that your implementation followsgood coding practices and provides clear prompts and feedback to the user, making ituser-friendly and robust. Please refer to the class example to guide your implementation. 1) UDP Echo Server Receiving and Displaying Messages: The UDP Echo server should be able toreceive messages sent by clients. For each…14.Which one is true for Go-Back-N protocol ? In case of errors, receiver sends negative acknowledgement for the packet with error. There is no buffer area in the receiver The packets reach to the receiver without any errors. The packets are received in the order that they send1. It is a protocol for encapsulating data packets that use one routing protocol inside the packets of another protocol. 2. It is a hash function that has been deprecated for uses other than as a non-cryptographic checksum to verify data integrity and detect unintentional data corruption. 3. An algorithm which is a pseudorandom function family in that it can easily generate arbitrary portions of the keystream without having to start from the beginning. 4. What is the most popular and widely implemented flavor of STP? 5. An algorithm that comprises of a series of linked operations, some of which involve replacing inputs by specific outputs (substitutions) and others involve shuffling bits around (permutations). 6. It is calculated using port cost values associated with port speeds for each switch port along a given path in STP 7. A proprietary architecture that authenticates users and devices using the identity-enabled network approach, and enables the government workforce to connect…
- There are 4 routers Router A, B, C and D Router B and D are connected in a network system, RIP is the routing protocol running on the routers, DV(distance vector) algorithm is the routing algorithm for RIP, a new link is added to the system to conect router A and C, will this addition trigger router A to re-compute its DV?Consider a node called A that sends packets to an adjacent node called B. To control the packet flow to node B, node A employs a credit manager scheme in which parameters C=3(credits), C_max=4(credits) and \tao=6(msec), respectively. node A has an infinite buffer to temporarily store packets. When a packet arrives at node A, node A stores the packet at the bottom of the buffer. Node A also has a single server (transmitter). As soon as the server becomes idle, the server picks up a packet at the head of the buffer, if any, and serves the packet for packet transmission time T_p as far as there remains a credit. (The packet transmission time T_p = 4 (msec).) We observed the arrival times of the first 12 packets, denoted by aA(1)⋯A(12), which were as follows: n A(n) 1 0.5 msec 2 1.0 3 1.5 4 2.0 5 4.5 6 5.5 7 6.5 8 12.5 9 13.0 10 13.5 11 14.0 12 14.6 1. Let R(n) denote the departure time of the n th packet from the buffer for n∈{1,2,...}. Find R(n) for…In a bit-oriented link-layer protocol, the start and end of a frame are each marked by a flag, which is a sequence of exactly 6 consecutive 1 bits. Bit stuffing is used during the rest of the frame: after sending 5 consecutive 1 bits, a 0 is added. The bits below contain an example frame, with the leftmost bit received first. The content of the frame is a sequence of bytes, sent most significant bit first. Put the values of the first four bytes of the frame content, in order, in the four answer boxes below. You may enter the values in either decimal (e.g. 76, 123) or hexadecimal (e.g. 2a, f7). 00101011111010001111110011100111110000111101111101010110100010010011111101101100100 57−240−123−229
- 22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? (c) hops required per received packet?22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? c. (c) hops required per received packet?The usage of static routing has been met with opposition for several reasons, but which of the following is NOT one of them? O. Extra hardware or bandwidth is unnecessary. O.b. The routing tables are modest in size, need just occasional attention. Any alteration to the topology will, of course, have consequences for the setup. The path to the destination never deviates from that one.
- ABC Company needs to deploy an application through which incoming TCP packets are to be scrutinized according to the content type and the payload information it carries. While content types are explicitly available through the flag, payload contents are to be read and sorted. To sort this incoming TCP packets payload, identify the method and sort the payload accordingly. Imagine the inputs accordingly. Write a Code Using JAVA STREAM FILTERAnswer true or false to the following questions and briefly justify your answer: With the SR protocol, it is possible for the sender to receive an ACK for a packet that falls outside of its current window.In this programming assignment, you will implement a decentralized peer-to-peer network architec-ture (P2P), including the basic implementation of the BitTorrent protocol (BTP). General P2P architec-tures can be classified into centralized and decentralized, In P2P centralized architectures, new peers senda request to the Traker (normally done via HTTP) requesting a list containing all the IP addresses ofthe peers that are already connected to the P2P network sharing the same file. The tracker then, replieswith a response containing such list. In P2P decentralized architecture, each peer is also a Traker, and itcan share only limited resources because it only sees the partial network. On the other hand, P2P decen-tralized networks avoid single point of failure since they do not depend of centralized trackers. Examplesof P2P applications that are/were implementing centralizing architectures are Nasper, the Berkeley OpenNetwork Infrastructure (BOINC) and some versions of BitTorrent.…