Consider the following situation: Source node has packets number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 to send to the destination Source starts transmitting and packet 3 is lost on its way to its destination. The rest of ACK and data packets arrive successfully

Q: We have 5 routers labled A-E. Suppose we have the forwarding tables shown below after the routing…

A: To send a message from A to E , the least possible cost is 2 and there are two paths having cost 2…

Q: Consider two systems A and B connected with each other and bound to stop and wait protocol. System A…

A: in stop and wait protocol ,packet lost during transmission  is the only packet retransmitted…

Q: Q. Consider a computer 1 that communicates with a computer 2 via LAN1, router R1, and LAN2. The…

A:

Q: 22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a…

A: Answer: Probability of router discarding the packets= p that means Probability of router reach the…

Q: ridges are empty. List all ports on which a packet will be forwarded by bridges B1 and B2 for the…

A: We have a connection of multiple nodes with bridges and hubs. Here we need to find the path of ports…

Q: In Stop and wait protocol, sender wait for ACK before sending next packet. But what if an ACK is…

A: Given: Network protocol: Stop and Wait is given. It includes sender, receiver, and a network.  Goal:…

Q: Consider the network depicted in the below figure. Suppose that router R1 receives a packet Pkt1…

A:

Q: Given the below network routing graph (with costs), answer the following questions that follow: N1…

A: Given network routing graph with costs is shown below:

Q: Consider a scenario where Node A is sending data packets towards Node B over Internet and the…

A: Given:

Q: Consider the rdt 3.0 protocol. Draw a diagram showing that if the network connection between the…

A: Message exchange using rdt 3.0 protocol: The below diagram represents a network connection between…

Q: received After 4msec, Packets 2 is received After 1msec, Packets 4 is rec

A: Without this measured capability, the Linux part would be exceptionally huge, because it would need…

Q: A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router…

A: According to the question, we have to find (a) hops a packet makes per transmission (b)…

Q: ACK (positive/ normal ACK) NACK Why do we need length field in UDP header when we know that the…

A: 1. Sender will wait for a fixed time called time-out-time. If the acknowledgement is not received…

Q: e destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out…

A:

Q: 4. Consider the following two causes of 1-second network delay (assume ACKS return instantaneously):…

A: a.  If we send 1 packet, then in either case we see a 1 sec RTT. If we send a burst of 10 packets,…

Q: Suppose that the underlying network not only can delay, corrupt or lose packets, but may also…

A: Here is the explanation about the sliding window sequence number.

Q: 3.1 Consider a Go-Back-N ARQ protocol, whereby the window size is 6. Segments with sequence numbers…

A: Dear Student, According to Go-Back-N ARQ protocol if acknowledgment is not received for a single…

Q: In this problem, we consider sending real-time voice from Host A to Host B over a packet switched…

A: Introduction A packet-switched network is a kind of PC correspondence network that gatherings and…

Q: a) In Stop and wait protocol, sender wait for ACK before sending next packet. But what if an ACK is…

A: Multiple questions:  Kindly, as per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question.…

Q: For the given network diagram, suppose an application running on Host 1 transmits a packet towards…

A: Process of packet encapsulation and de-capsulation alon tha path from Host 1 to Host 2. host 1…

Q: Problem 2. Consider a packet of L bits that is sent over a path of Q links (i.e., a source and…

A: Packet switching is defined as the connectionless network where the messages are divided and grouped…

Q: Consider a computer 1 that communicates with a computer 2 via LAN1, router R1, and LAN2. The sending…

A: Answer :

Q: Consider the NAT scenario below. IP datagrams being sent from, or destined to, these three private…

A: Dear Student, Here the datagrams will be first sent from the host to the router , then from the…

Q: 1. Below is a nested MPLS network by MTN. With the assumption that Customer 6 (C6) is connected to…

A:

Q: Consider a scenario in which Host A and Host B want to send messages to Host C. Hosts A and C are…

A: ->The sender has sent a message to the recipient many times. In the situation here. The channel…

Q: node called A that sends packets to an adjacent node called B. To control the packet flow to node…

A: It is defined as a small segment of a larger message. Data sent over computer networks, such as the…

Q: se there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission…

A: A packet comprises of control data and client information Packet Switching sends information across…

Q: Consider the Go-back-N protocol with a sequence number space {0,1,2,3} and a window size N=3, and…

A: In Go-Back-N ARQ,N is the sender's window size. Suppose we say that Go-Back-3, which means that the…

Q: Consider the Go-Back-N protocol, with a window size N = 50. Suppose 30 packets are sent, but the…

A: Here we use Go-back-N protocol: ========================================== given that window size=50…

Q: Consider a scenario in which Host A wants to simultaneously send packets to Hosts B and C. A is…

A: Here, A can start sending another packet only after receiving Acknowledgment from B and C. Hence, we…

Q: Consider the Go-Back-N (GBN) and Selective Repeat (SR) protocols with a sender window size of 4 and…

A: Go-bACK-N (GBN)Protocol:-In GBN protocol the size of the sender window is N and the size of the…

Q: In a network using the Go-Back-N protocol with m = 3 and the sending window of size 7, the values…

A: ANSWER:-

Q: Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link. In this problem, you will use Little’s formula,…

A: Consider the following data, “N” denotes the average number of packets in the buffer plus the…

Q: Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both…

A: Given:   The length of the link is 10 meters   Bandwidth is 150 bits/sec   The size of a data packet…

Q: Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A…

A:

Q: Assume Prit wants to send a message consisting of 1000 packets to John using Malav's 'Sliding…

A: The total elapsed time for Prit to be certain that the file has been successfully transmitted to…

Q: Suppose we need to design a stop-and-wait, reliable data transfer protocol between a sender A and a…

A: It is defined as the simplest flow control method. In this, the sender will send one frame at a time…

Q: Question 2: a) In Stop and wait protocol, sender wait for ACK before sending next packet. But what…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Consider the network depicted in the below figure. Suppose that router R1 receives a packet Pktl…

A:

Q: a) The sender in the Stop and Wait protocol waits for an ACK before delivering the following packet.…

A: Given that: a) The sender in the Stop and Wait protocol waits for an ACK before delivering the…

Q: Suppose you have the following sequence of packets (P1, P2. .P13) send from the .... ..... sender…

A: The answer as follows

Q: D) Consider sending a packet contains 1100 bits from Host A to Host B in a store and forward…

A: Given Data : Packet size = 1100 Bits Number of links = 10 links Number of packets in the queue = 5…

Q: Consider the network depicted in the below figure. Suppose that router R1 receives a packet Pktl…

A: The answer is given in the below step

Q: Consider the GBN protocol with a sender window size of 4 and a sequence number rangeof 1,024.…

A: Given window size is 4 and sequence number is 1024. If the receiver is waiting for packet with…

Q: Draw a space-time diagram similar to Figure 3.22 of textbook for the following problem: Sender is…

A: Answer:)

Q: Consider two hosts A and B that are quite far apart. They are communicating using Selective Repeat…

A: The solution is given below:

Q: P10. Consider a packet of length L that begins at end system A and travels over three links to a…

A: Answer :  Given Data- Packet is  : 1500 bytes, Propagation speed = 2.5 *10^8 m/s. Transmission rates…

Q: 22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a…

A: A datagram subnet enables routers to drop packets as necessary. p is the probability that a router…

Q: Consider two-dimensional parity scheme: a) Choose any random packet entries such that the following…

A:

Types Of Protocols

A network protocol is a collection of rules that governs the exchange of data between devices connected to the same network. In other words, network protocols are rules that specify how devices communicate or transfer data over a network. The sender and receiver systems must obey the standards to facilitate communication between them.