Consider the minimization problem M(p, y) = min x -U(x) s.t. p1 x1 + ... + pn · xn < y where U :Rn → R is continuous. Prove that the function M(p, y) : R n + x R+ → R is quasi-concave. [Hint: the subscript + means that all elements of a vector are nonnegative and at least one is strictly larger than zero.]
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- Consider a consumer with the utility function U (x1, x2 ) = 10x12/3x21/3 −50. Suppose the prices of x1 and x2 are 10 and 2 respectively and the consumer has an income of 150. (a) Write out the consumer’s constrained optimization problem. Specifically, write out the objective function and constraint for the problem (e.g. max _?_ subject to _?__). (b) Write the Lagrangian equation corresponding to the constrained optimization problem. Derive the Necessary First Order Conditions. (c) Use the NFOCs to solve for the consumer’s optimal bundle. (d) Show that at the solution you found in (c), the tangency condition is satisfied: MRS = p1 / p2. (e) How did the ‘50’ in the utility function influence the optimal con- sumption bundle? How did the ‘10’ in the utility function influence the optimal consumption bundle? (i.e., how would the optimal bun- dle change if these coefficients were to change?). How would the optimal bundle change if the utility function was x12x2? Lastly, how would…Consider a consumer’s constrained optimization problem. max u(n,y)=4n+3y subject to wn+y=24w+Yo Where N = non-work (leisure) hours, Y = total income (consumption), w = the wage rate and H = hours worked with N + H = 24. a. Assuming an interior solution, use the first order conditions from the Lagrangean to solve for the utility maximizing choice of N* and Y*. How many hours, H*, does this consumer work? (Any of these answers might be functions of w.) when w=1 and Yo=50. No hand written solution and no imageASAP Suppose the consumer has the utility function U(C,l)=0.5 √C+√ l and has h = 24 hours available, some of which are used as leisure (l) and some supplied to the labor market (NS). Hours of work are paid at the real wage w. The profit income is π = 15. The consumer pays no tax. Writedown the budget constraint and the maximization prob- lem (a Lagrangian) and find the first order conditions for the consumer. Find an expression for the quantity of labor supplied
- A consumer is maximising her utility function: U(x, y) = (x¹/³+y¹/³)³, subject to the budget constraint x + 3y = 100. (a) Set up the Lagrangian function of this utility maximisation problem and derive the first-order conditions. (b) What are the utility maximizing amounts of x and y? Also, calculate the Lagrange multiplier. (c) What are the utility maximising amounts of x and y if the budget constraint changes to x + 3y = 50? Also, calculate the Lagrange multiplier.An individual’s utility function is given by where is the amount of leisure measured in hours per week and is income earned measured in cedis per week. Determine the value of the marginal utilities, when = 138 and = 500. Hence estimate the change in utility if the individual works for an extra hour, which increases earned income by GH¢15 per week. Does the law of diminishing utility hold for this function?Answer d and e. Consider a consumer with the utility function U (x1, x2 ) = 10x12/3x21/3 −50. Suppose the prices of x1 and x2 are 10 and 2 respectively and the consumer has an income of 150. (a) Write out the consumer’s constrained optimization problem. Specifically, write out the objective function and constraint for the problem (e.g. max _?_ subject to _?__). (b) Write the Lagrangian equation corresponding to the constrained optimization problem. Derive the Necessary First Order Conditions. (c) Use the NFOCs to solve for the consumer’s optimal bundle. (d) Show that at the solution you found in (c), the tangency condition is satisfied: MRS = p1 / p2. (e) How did the ‘50’ in the utility function influence the optimal con- sumption bundle? How did the ‘10’ in the utility function influence the optimal consumption bundle? (i.e., how would the optimal bun- dle change if these coefficients were to change?). How would the optimal bundle change if the utility function was x12x2? Lastly, how…
- Differentiate the profit function with respect to ?1 ??? ?2.Explain intuitively why we take the derivative of the function.Q.3 A utility function is given by the equation U = 120 x0.7 y0.3 where x is the number of hours spent playing golf and y is the hours spent playing cards per month. Calculate the values of x and y for which utility is maximised, subject to the constraint 21x + 3y = 180A consumer has an original income M to spend on goods X and Y. The market price of these two goods are Px=$10 and Py=$25. Based on the information given in the graph above: 1. Determine the consumer income M. 2. Determine the market rate of substitution between goods x and y? give an interpretation of your answer. Now assumer that the consumer income increases to a new level M' but the prices stay the same. Based on the information given in the graph above: 3. Determine the increased income M'. 4. Does the increase in the consumer income increase the market rate of substitution? Explain your answer.
- Define a weakly concave on the Cobb-Douglas FunctionAnalysis of daily output of a factory shows that, on average, the number of units per hour y produced after t hours of production is y = 44t + 0.5t2 − t3, 0 ≤ t ≤ 6. (a) Find the critical values of this function. (Assume −∞ < t < ∞. Enter your answers as a comma-separated list.) t = (b) Which critical values make sense in this particular problem? (Enter your answers as a comma-separated list.) t = (c) For which values of t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, is y increasing? (Enter your answer using interval notation.)It is common for supermarkets to carry both generic (store-label) and brand-name (producer-label) varieties of sugar and other products. Many consumers view these products as perfect substitutes, meaning that consumers are always willing to substitute a constant proportion of the store brand for the producer brand. Consider a consumer who is always willing to substitute 4 pounds of a generic store brand for 2 pounds of a brand-name sugar. Do these preferences exhibit a diminishing marginal rate of substitution? Assume that this consumer has $24 of income to spend on sugar, and the price of store-brand sugar is $1 per pound and the price of producer-brand sugar is $3 per pound. How much of each type of sugar will be purchased? How would your answer change if the price of store-brand sugar was $2 per pound and the price of producer-brand sugar was $3 per pound?