Construct the Finite State Machine representation for an up counter with a cycle length of 4 - i.e. a circuit that counts 0 – 1 – 2-3 (output as a binary value, obviously) with successive clock pulses, and then starts over. The external output is the 2-bit count. The only

Construct the Finite State Machine representation for an up counter with a cycle length of 4 - i.e. a circuit that counts 0 – 1 – 2-3 (output as a binary value, obviously) with successive clock pulses, and then starts over. The external output is the 2-bit count. The only

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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In this context, a systolic array, which is a kind of array, represents a machine with MISD. A systolic array is a collection of data processing nodes laid out in a wavelike fashion. Since execution is kicked off by the arrival of fresh data, there is no need for a program counter in any of these components. "Lock-step" computing occurs in clocked systolic arrays because each node finishes its calculation and communication phases on the same clock cycle.
A MISD machine is an example of a certain kind of array called a systolic array. A systolic array is a networked pipeline of data processing units, often known as a "wavefront." None of these parts need the use of a program counter since execution is started when new data is received. In a timed systolic array, every component computes in "lock-step," with each component completing alternating computation and communication stages in a single clock cycle.
please no chatgpt answer . Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access and transfer time of 20 milliseconds. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 1 microsecond per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added an associative memory that reduces access time to one memory reference, if the page-table entry is in the associative memory. Assume that 80 percent of the accesses are in the associative memory and that, of those remaining, 10 percent (or 2 percent of the total) cause page faults. What is the effective memory access time? Consider the following page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6. Assuming demand paging with four frames, Show which pages are resident under the LRU, FIFO, and Optimal replacement algorithms by filling out the following tables. How many page faults would occur…
The unique addresses assigned to the four registers (R11,R12,13,R14) of the I/O interface are equal to the XX3 , XX7 , XXB and XXF in Hex . Where XX is hex digits equal to your roll no . (if student is having roll no 45 than address are 453 ,457 ,45B , 45F in Hex ) .Show the well labeled external circuit that must be connected between and 12-bit I/O address from the CPU and the CS, RSI, and RS0 Inputs of the Interface.
Transcribed Image Text (Micro processer 8086) Q1) Choose the correct answer: 1. One of the following instructions is correct: a. MUL 67 b. LEA BL.[SI] (2. AS) c. LALF d. Neither a,b nor c 2. Suppose we have SS starts at B4102 H, CS ends at E4250H. The suitable point for DS to start so there are no overlapping of the segments is: c. C4200 H d. C4300 H a. C4000 H b. C4100 H 3. If you have AX-0208H, BL=D8H, the results of performing IDIV BL in AX is: a. 00F3 H b. F300 H c. 5802 H d. 0258 H 4. The Execution Unit includes: a. Instruction pointer b. Status register c. Address generation d. Neither a,b nor c 5. The compare instruction and test instruction are similar in : a. Both instructions are subtraction methods b. Both instructions effect on ZF, SF & PF. c. Both instructions store the result in the destination operand d. Neithe a,b nor c 6. The data bus in 8088 Mp is: a. 16-bit unidirectional lines c. 8-bit unidirectional lines b. 16-bit bidirectional lines d. 8-bit bidirectional…
Kocher’s timing attacks on cryptosystems illustrate this [1084]. Kocher notes that the instructions executed by implementations of cryptosystems depend on the setting of bits in the key. For example, the algorithm in Figure 9–7 implements a fast modular exponentiation function. If a bit is 1, two multiplications occur; otherwise, one multiplication occurs. The extra multiplication takes extra time. Kocher determines bits of the confidential exponent by measuring computation time x:= 1; atmp := a; for 1 := 0 to k-1 do begin If Zi = 1 then x := (x * atmp) mod n; atmp := )atmp * atmp) mod n; end; result := x; Figure 9–7 A fast modular exponentiation routine. This routine computes x = az mod n. The bits of z are zk–1... z0. Kocher’s attack derives information about the computation from the characteristic of time. As a cryptographic key is confidential, this is a side channel attack. This is an example of a passive side channel attack, because results are derived only from observations. The…
An 8-bit computer has a registers R0-R7. The content of register R3 is 20H and R4 is 40H.The location 20H,40H and 43H contains 2’s complement equivalent(8-bit) of (-29),(-25) and (-19) respectively. Consider following code: MOV R1,(R3) :Move immediate ADD R1,03H(R4) :ADD ASR R1 :Arithmetic shift right by 1-bit XRI R1,01H :XOR immediate Illustrate how alteration in register content R1 occurs as above set of instructions are executed. Determine the status of Carry and sign flag after execution of ADD and XOR instructions. After execution of last instruction (XRI) take 2’s complement equivalent of Register R1 and consider as Dividend X. Then compute (X/5) using Non-Restoring division method. . Demonstrate clearly the complete step by step procedure to compute the results.
Assume that a switching component such as a transistor can switch in zero time. We propose to construct a disk-shaped computer chip with such a component. The only limitation is the time it takes to send electronic signals from one edge of the chip to the other. Make the simplifying assumption that electronic signals can travel at 300,000 kilometers per second. What is the limitation on the diameter of a round chip so that any computation result can by used anywhere on the chip at a clock rate of 1 GHz? What are the diameter restrictions if the whole chip should operate at 1 THz = 1012 Hz? Is such a chip feasible?
An example of a MISD device is a systolic array, a subset of arrays. Systolic arrays are a networked pipeline of data processing nodes. All of these elements may function without a program counter since execution is initiated by the arrival of new data. In a timed systolic array, all of the nodes do calculations in "lock-step," with each node performing its own calculations and communicating with the others in turn over the course of a single clock cycle.
One kind of machine that uses MISD is a systolic array. A systolic array is a network of data processing units organized as a pipeline, or "wavefront." No program counter is required since execution is kicked off by the arrival of new data. In a timed systolic array, all of the nodes calculate "in lock-step," with each node finishing its turn at the clock after completing its turn at the alternating phases of computation and communication.
Carefully read each sentence in this question. You may agree/disagree with each sentence (consider each sentence separately) if you have a good justification for doing so (not in more than 2 lines for each sentence). “A daisy chaining technique could result in starvation.” “The received data is saved in contiguous memory regions in DMA transfer.” “The most difficult method of device identification is multiple interrupt lines.” “An interrupt request takes longer for the CPU to handle than a DMA request.” “The architecture of InfiniBand operation is layered.”
1. Consider the operation of a machine with the data path of the figure below. Let us call thismachine "Teletraan-1". Teletraan-1 has no pipeline. Suppose that fetching an instruction takes4 nsec, decoding an instruction takes 1 nsec, fetching the operands from memory or registersto ALU takes 2 nsec, running the ALU takes 2 nsec, storing the result back to the destinationregisters takes 1 nsec.How much time does Teletraan-1 need to execute 1 million instructions?A. 1 nsec x 1 million = 0.001 secondB. 2 nsec x 1 million = 0.002 secondC. 4 nsec x 1 million = 0.004 secondD. 10 nsec x 1 million = 0.01 second 2. Since the above machine Teletraan-1 has no pipeline, an instruction must be completed in oneCPU clock cycle. As a result, a CPU clock cycle must be longer than or equal to the executiontime of one instruction. To improve it, we developed "Teletraan-2". Teletraan-2 has a fivestage pipeline. It takes 5 nsec to fetch an instruction, 2 nsec to decode an instruction, 3 nsec tofetch…