Consumption when young and consumption whenold are both normal goods for Seymour, a workersaving for retirement. When the interest rate falls,what happens to Seymour’s consumption when old?a. It definitely increases.b. It definitely decreases.c. It increases only if the substitution effect exceedsthe income effect.d. It decreases only if the substitution effectexceeds the income effect.
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Consumption when young and consumption when
old are both normal goods for Seymour, a worker
saving for retirement. When the interest rate falls,
what happens to Seymour’s consumption when old?
a. It definitely increases.
b. It definitely decreases.
c. It increases only if the substitution effect exceeds
the income effect.
d. It decreases only if the substitution effect
exceeds the income effect.
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- For this question, assume that indifference curves are strictly convex, consumption andleisure are normal goods, and the optimal amounts of consumption, leisure, and labor arealways positive. A wage increase ______. (SE = substitution effect; IE = income effect)(a) increases labor supply via the SE and decreases labor supply via the IE(b) decreases labor supply via the SE and decreases labor supply via the IE(c) increases labor supply via the SE and increases labor supply via the IE(d) decreases labor supply via the SE and increases labor supply via the IE(e) Can’t tell without knowing the utility functionGiven the utility function: U = ln c + l + ln c’ + l’ and the budget constraint: w(ℎ−l)+(w′(ℎ−l′))/(1+r)=c+(c′)/(1+r) (see pictures of function and constraint) where c = current consumption, c' = future consumption, l = current leisure, l' = future leisure, and r is the market interest rate.Suppose that the current wage, w = 20 and the future wage w' = 22. a) What is the optimal value of current consumption, c? b) What is the optimal valueof future consumption, c’*?Draw the indifference curve for someone decidinghow to allocate time between work and leisure.Suppose the wage increases. Is it possible that theperson’s consumption would fall? Is this plausible?Discuss. (Hint: Think about income and substitutioneffects.)
- It is given that the price of goods X and Y are both Rs.10 each, a consumer consumes 10 units of X and 10 units of Y at equilibrium.a. Draw the budget line and indifference curve and show the point of consumer equilibrium. b. If the price of X falls to Rs.5, PY and money income remaining the same, what is the real income increase?c. At the new equilibrium caused by a fall in price of X, the consumer has a combination of 16 units of X and 12 units of Y. Show the price effect of a change in price of X using the PCC.d. Why are more units of Y consumed even though its price has not fallen?Terry’s utility function over leisure (L) and other goods (Y) is U (L, Y) = Y + LY. The associated marginal utilities are MUY = 1 + L and MUL = Y. He purchases other goods at a price of $1, out of the income he earns from working. Show that, no matter what Terry’s wage rate, the optimal number of hours of leisure that he consumes is always the same. (a) What is the number of hours he would like to have for leisure? (b) Determine the MRS of leisure for labour (c) Draw a leisure-influenced labor curveConsider the market for Netflix Subscriptions. Show graphically and explain using economic intuition, what happens to the market price and quantity in each of the following 3. Bruno can spend his income on two different goods: smoothies and energy bars. For each of the following three situations, decide if the given consumption bundle is within Bruno’s consumption possibilities. Then decide if it lies on the budget line or not. a) Smoothies cost $2 each, and energy bars cost $3 each. Bruno has income of $60. He is considering a consumption bundle containing 15 smoothies and 10 energy bars.b) Smoothies cost $2 each, and energy bars cost $5 each. Bruno has income of $110. He is considering a consumption bundle containing 20 smoothies and 10 energy bars. c) Smoothies cost $3 each, and energy bars cost $10 each. Bruno has income of $50. He is considering a consumption bundle containing 10 smoothies and 3 energy bars. 4. In each of the following situations, describe the substitution…
- A person is more likely to increase labor supply in response to an increase in the real wage, the ________ is the income effect and the ________ is the substitution effect.Katie Kwasi's utility function is U(x₁, x₂)=5(In x₁)+x₂. Given her current income and the current relative prices, she consumes 10 units of x₁ and 15 units of x₂. If her income doubles, while prices stay constant, how many units of x₁ will she consume after the change in income? a)10 b)20 c)15 d)5(Short Answers) 1. Jie works in a university. He can work as many hours as he wishes at a wage rate of w. Let C be the number of dollars he has to spend on consumption and let R be the number of hours of leisure that he chooses. Assume that Jie has the utility function U(C, R) = In(C) + In (R). He carms $4 per hour and has 80 hours per week to devote to labor or leisure, and has no income from sources other than labor. a) How many consumptions does he choose? How many hours of leisure does he choose? b) Suppose that Jie's wage rate will rise to $6 per hour from next year. How many hours of leisure per week will he choose next year? You are required to decompose his change in demand into the substitution effect, ordinary income effect and endowment income effect. c) Suppose that Jie will get $4 per hour for the first 35 hours that he works and $6 per hour for every hour beyond 35 hours a week from next year. How many hours of leisure per week will he choose next year?
- The reason the substitution effect works to encourage a consumer to buy less of a product when its price increases is: a. the product is now relatively more expensive than it was before. b. other products are now relatively more expensive than they were before. c. the real income of the consumer has been increased. d. the real income of the consumer has been decreasedKevin has a wage income of $10,000 in the present and $15,000 in the future. His utility is given as U = min (4cp, 5cf), where cp denotes consumption today and cf consumption in the future. The relevant interest rate is 10%. a. If the interest rate were to increase to 15 percent,would Kevin be better off or worse off? Explain. b. Find two measures to indicate how much better off or worse off Kevin is as a result of the increase in interest rates. Explain.Terry’s utility function over leisure (L) and other goods (Y ) is U(L, Y ) = Y + LY. The associated marginal utilities are MUY = 1 + L and MUL = Y. He purchases other goods at a price of $1, out of the income he earns from working. Show that, no matter what Terry’s wage rate, the optimal number of hours of leisure that he consumes is always the same. (a) What is the number of hours he would like to have for leisure? Determine the MRS of leisure for labour (b) Draw a leisure-influenced labor curve