CSTR CSTR Q Q PFR PFR
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Q: Test the consistency of the 22 years of data of the annual precipitation measured a station A. Rainf...
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- Consider a wastewater treatment reactor where with an influent flow rate of 2,500 m3/day and where the biomass has the following kinetic characteristics: fs0 = 0.7, KS = 10 mg/l, k= 10 mg/mg VSS-day, b = 0.1/day, Y=0.50 g VSS/g substrate, fd=0.8, and Xa=1,500 mg VSS/l. If the reactor was designed with a safety factor of 30, what is its design fs value.What type of reactor meets with the following conditions? 1) complete mixing; 2) continuous flowEnvironmental Engineering: Water Treatment Please consider each of the following points: a. Determine the required residence time for each reactor of 3 equal volume CSTRs in series given a zero-order reaction with a reaction rate constant, k = -5 mg/L hr. The influent concentration is 125 mg/L and 95% conversion is required across the three-reactor system. What is the total reactor system residence time? b. Determine the required residence time for a single CSTR given the same conditions. c. Determine the required residence time for a PFR given the same conditions. d. Why are all three residence time the same?
- An activated sludge treatment process uses a rectangular tank that can be modeled as two completely mixed reactors in series. The volume of the tank is 300 cubic meters (for modeling purposes 150 cubic meters each) and the flow rate into the system is 900 m3/day. The influent BOD concentration is 180 mg/L and the first order reaction rate coefficient is 0.5 hr-1. What is the effluent concentration of BOD? If the Biomass Yield, Y is equal to 0.6 mg SS/mg of BOD metabolized, what is the rate of SS (biomass) production in the aeration tanks (mg/L-day)? If the post-secondary clarifier effluent SS concentration is 10 mg/L, the sludge recycling rate is 33%, and the waste sludge flow rate is 5 m3/day, what is the SS concentration in the waste sludge (hint: assume the system is at steady state and complete a mass balance)? What is the sludge age?An activated-sludge system is to be used for secondary treatment of 15,000 m3/d of municipal wastewater. After primary clarification, the BOD is 130 mg/L, and it is desired to have not more than 5 mg/L of soluble BOD in the effluent. A completely mixed reactor is to be used, and pilot-plant analysis has established the following kinetic values: Y = 0.6 kg/kg, kd = 0.07 d-1. Assuming an MLSS concentration of 2,750 mg/L and an underflow concentration of 11,000 mg/L from the secondary clarifier, determine the followings. [Use θc (MCRT or SRT) = 10 day.] 5.1. The volume of the reactor. 5.2. The mass and volume of solids that must be wasted each day. 5.3. The recycle ratio. Hint: θc = VX/QwXu : MCRT (mean cell-residence time) [or SRT (solids retention time)]; average time microbes spend in reactor = ratio of total biomass in reactor to biomass wasted per given time; currently most commonly used design parameter F/Mv: inversely proportional to SRT; ≈U (cell's specific substrate…Three CSTRs are to be used in series. The second reactor has a volume twice that of the first and third reactors. The influent flow has a concentration of 150 mg/L of TOC, and the flowrate is 100 gal/min (380 l/min). The reaction is first order, the rate constant is 0.4/hr.a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if theremoval or conversion of TOC is 90% (for the entire system as a whole).b. What is the concentration of TOC in each reactor? c. What is the overall efficiency of this treatment process?
- Environmental Engineering question: A drinking water treatment facility is planning to reduce operation cost and residence time for one of the reactors in the treatment plant. What type of rectors will you recommend and why? a. Batch reactor b. Plug flow reactor c. Continuously stirred tank reactorYou have been treating a wastewater with bacteria that have the following kinetic coefficients: k= 16 mg BODL/mg VSS-day Ks = 10 mg BODL /l b =0.2/day Y = 0.35 mg VSS/mg BODL fd = 0.8A genetic engineer comes to you and claims he can “fix” your bacteria so they are more efficient. The fixed bacteria will have b=0.05/day and fd = 0.95, while all other coefficients are the same. Using a chemostat reactor, you were successfully using a safety factor of 30, and you plant to continue doing so. How would the genetic engineers plan affect your sludge production and oxygen requirements? Assume X0=0, S0=200 mg BODL/l). In what ways are the new bacteria more efficient?A continous flow, completely mixed reactor is to be used to treat raw water to achieve 95% pollutant removal. The pollutant has a second-order reaction rate constant of 0.35 L/(mg.day), what is the required residence time of water in the batch reactor, in days?
- A complete-mix flow reactor is designed to treat an influent waste stream containing 130mg/L of casein at a flow rate of 80 liters per minute (lpm). Assume that casein removal follows first-order removal kinetics with a rate constant, k, of 0.5h-1 and that the effluent should contain 13 mg/L of casein at steady state. Determine: a. the detention time in hours b. the volume of the reactor in cubic metersA plug-flow reactor (PFR) has an influent flow with a concentration of 100 mg/L of A and a flowrate of 200 L/min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.30 hr¹. Determine a) The required detention time and the required volume if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. b) If the reactor is a batch reactor, calculate the required reaction time if the removal or conversion of A is 90%.A continous flow, completely mixed reactor is to be used to treat raw water to achieve 95% pollutant removal. The pollutant has a second-order reaction rate constant of 0.35 L/(mg.day), what is the required residence time of water in the continous flow reactor, in days?