d) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?

Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305964792
Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Publisher:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Chapter15: Medical Documents
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 15.1CS
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Practice Question 8
- Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and
ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these
pathways has been associated with tumor growth.
mTOR pathway:
1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors.
crosstalk
Hippo
Pathway
2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol
3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway.
MTOR
Pathway
3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase,
inhibits theTSC1-TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to
activate mTORC1.
Mst
РІЗК
PTEN
T
Lats
АКТ
4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1
pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag-
Ragulator complex.
miR-29
YAP
TSC2-TSC1
amino acids
Rag-Ragulator
Hippo pathway:
1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors
which activate Mst and Lats.
Rheb
cell
division
MTORC1
organ size
2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of
Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in
turn downregulates PTEN, an inhibitor of PI(3)K
and Akt. So, the two pathways crosstalk and
cell
growth
Created in BioRender.com coordinate cell number and growth.
d) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?
Transcribed Image Text:Practice Question 8 - Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these pathways has been associated with tumor growth. mTOR pathway: 1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors. crosstalk Hippo Pathway 2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway. MTOR Pathway 3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase, inhibits theTSC1-TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to activate mTORC1. Mst РІЗК PTEN T Lats АКТ 4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1 pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag- Ragulator complex. miR-29 YAP TSC2-TSC1 amino acids Rag-Ragulator Hippo pathway: 1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors which activate Mst and Lats. Rheb cell division MTORC1 organ size 2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in turn downregulates PTEN, an inhibitor of PI(3)K and Akt. So, the two pathways crosstalk and cell growth Created in BioRender.com coordinate cell number and growth. d) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?
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