d. The linear model illustrated in diagram is GPA = a + ß*Hours-Studied + u. What does it mean that Hours-Studied are orthogonal to u? e. How is B estimated? f. Explain why an estimator of ß can only be accurate (unbiased) when E(u₁|xi) = 0?

Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
13th Edition
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Swokowski
Chapter7: Analytic Trigonometry
Section7.6: The Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Problem 91E
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d-f please

1. Consider the simple linear regression model
Y₁ = a + BX₁ + u₁, where i denotes an observation, Y and X is the outcome explanatory variables
and u is the error term.
a. Suppose Y denotes GPA and X denotes study hours per week. Suppose that the relationship
between study hours and GPA is deterministic. Specifically, if you do not study your GPA for
sure will be a miserable 0.3. And, for every hour you study, your GPA will for sure increase
by 0.25 points. Write the equation for this deterministic relationship. And, plot GPA
conditional on study hours, where these hours runs from 0 to 16 on the X-axis. Why is ui
always equal to 0?
b. Why is this deterministic relationship a completely unrealistic view of reality?
C.
Illustrate on your figure random errors, u₁, that are positive shocks indicating that the
deterministic model underpredicts the GPA. And illustrate random errors that are negative
shocks indicating the model overpredicts.
d. The linear model illustrated in diagram is GPA = a + ß* Hours-Studied + u. What does it mean
that Hours-Studied are orthogonal to u?
e.
How is 3 estimated?
f. Explain why an estimator of ß can only be accurate (unbiased) when E(u₁|xi) = 0?
Transcribed Image Text:1. Consider the simple linear regression model Y₁ = a + BX₁ + u₁, where i denotes an observation, Y and X is the outcome explanatory variables and u is the error term. a. Suppose Y denotes GPA and X denotes study hours per week. Suppose that the relationship between study hours and GPA is deterministic. Specifically, if you do not study your GPA for sure will be a miserable 0.3. And, for every hour you study, your GPA will for sure increase by 0.25 points. Write the equation for this deterministic relationship. And, plot GPA conditional on study hours, where these hours runs from 0 to 16 on the X-axis. Why is ui always equal to 0? b. Why is this deterministic relationship a completely unrealistic view of reality? C. Illustrate on your figure random errors, u₁, that are positive shocks indicating that the deterministic model underpredicts the GPA. And illustrate random errors that are negative shocks indicating the model overpredicts. d. The linear model illustrated in diagram is GPA = a + ß* Hours-Studied + u. What does it mean that Hours-Studied are orthogonal to u? e. How is 3 estimated? f. Explain why an estimator of ß can only be accurate (unbiased) when E(u₁|xi) = 0?
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