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For each situation involving oral contraceptives select the most appropriate response.
- Nausea during first cycle of pills
- No menses for 7 days following 21-day cycle of correct use
- Pill forgotten for 1 day
- Pill forgotten for 3 continuous days
- Light bleeding at midcycle during first month on pill
APPROPRIATE RESPONSE (CHOICES)
- Stop pills and resume after 7 days
- Continue pills as usual
- Continue pills and use an additional form of contraception
- Take an additional pill E. Stop pills and seek a medical examination
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- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can include mood swings, fluid retention (edema), anxiety, backache and joint pain, food cravings, and other symptoms. PMS usually develops after ovulation and lasts until just before or just after menstruation begins. Although the precise cause of PMS is unknown, it seems clearly related to the cyclic production of ovarian hormones. After reviewing Figure 16.3, suggest which hormonal changes may trigger PMS. Figure 16.3 Animated! Hormones govern the menstrual and ovarian cycles. A GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH. B FSH and LH stimulate a follicle to grow, an oocyte to mature, and the ovaries to secrete progesterone and estrogens that stimulate the endometrium to rebuild. C A midcycle LH surge triggers ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum. D Progesterone and some estrogens released by the corpus luteum maintain the endometrium, but if no pregnancy occurs, they stop being released and the corpus luteum breaks down. ( Cengage Learning)An 18-year-old female presents at a women’s health careclinic seeking oral contraceptives for the first time. She tellsthe nurse that she wants to have sex with her boyfriend, butdoesn’t know what to expect. Which statement by the nurse isnot accurate?a. “Vaginal intercourse is most commonly performed in themissionary position.” b. “The side by side position achieves better clitoral stimula-tion than the missionary position.” c. “Achieving simultaneous orgasms is the goal of vaginalintercourse.”d. “The period after coitus is just as significant as the eventsleading up to it.”Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION to SMZ/TMP administration? A) Oral Contraceptive Use B) Allergy to Sulfonamides C) Bacterial Infection D) Allergy to Penicillins
- Combined oral contraceptives are composed of synthetic estrogen combined with small amounts of synthetic progesterone. Your client, Mrs. Vanessa Narciso, has been using COCs as her primary contraception method. She comes to the clinic complaining "Why I cant get pregnant ? I already stopped taking pills.". Your most appropriate response will be: "You should talk to your doctor immediately. You might have developed complications from prolonged use of the pill Your body just needs time to recover from the effects of the pill It may be difficult to get pregnant during the first 3 to 12 months after discontinuation. "It is best not to try to get pregnant at this time since your intake of COCs may cause birth defects "You should have been able to conceive by now. Would your husband be willing to undergo labsly testCombined oral contraceptives are composed of synthetic estrogen combined with small amounts of synthetic progesterone. Your client, Mrs. Vanessa Narciso, has been using COCs as her primary contraception method. She comes to the clinic complaining "Bakit hindi pa din ako mabuntis? Tumigil na naman ako ng paginom ng pills.". Your most appropriate response will be: "You should talk to your doctor immediately. You might have developed complications from prolonged use of the pill Your body just needs time to recover from the effects of the pill It may be difficult to get pregnant during the first 3 to 12 months after discontinuation. "It is best not to try to get pregnant at this time since your intake of COCs may cause birth defects "You should have been able to conceive by now. Would your husband be willing to undergo labsly testHormonal contraceptives can be cyclic or non-cyclic. Non-cyclic hormonal contraceptives provide a constant level of hormones everyday for months or years. Examples of non-cyclic hormonal contraceptives include the hormonal IUD (Mirena, Skyla or Lilletta brandnames), the hormonal implant (Norplant or Implanon), and the hormonal injection (Depo-Provera). Cyclic contraceptives provide hormones for about 3 weeks, then one week of no hormones. Examples of these include various types of birth control pills containing 3 weeks of hormonal pills then one week of placebo (sugar pills); and the vaginal ring (NuvaRing, which is kept in for 3 weeks then removed for one week.) Many females using hormonal contraceptives in general tend to have lighter and shorter menstrual periods after a few months, but those using non-cyclic methods often do not have any menstruation at all. Why might this be? Write a paragraph describing a potential mechanism.
- .Only correct option needed fir it. A nurse is teaching patients about contraception methods.Which statement by a patient indicates a need for furtherteaching?a. “Depo-Provera is not effective against sexually transmittedinfections, but contraceptive protection is immediate if Iget the injection on the first day of my period.”b. “The hormonal ring contraceptive, NuvaRing, protectsagainst pregnancy by suppressing ovulation, thickeningcervical mucus, and preventing the fertilized egg fromimplanting in the uterus.”c. “Abstinence may be an effective method of contraceptionand may be used as a periodic or continuous strategy.”d. “Withdrawal is an effective method of birth control as wellas an effective method of reducing the spread of sexuallytransmitted infections.”.Which of the oral contraceptives listed below has anti-androgen properties?A. MersolonB. NovinetC. LindynetD. LogestE. Diane 35Each one of the different contraceptive methods has its pros and cons. Give an example of a method listed below and cite the pros and cons behind its use. Method of Contraception Example Pros Cons Natural Hormonal Barrier Permanent The debate on contraception is based on arguments emerging from the traditional and bioethical positions on contraception. Evaluate whether those positions are philosophically or ethically viable. Make a stand regarding the issue on the basis of your personal beliefs and convictions.
- A nurse explains that the efficiency of the basal body temperature method of contraception depends on fluctuation of the basal body temperature. What factor will alter its effectiveness? 1. Presence of stress 2. Length of abstinence 3. Age of those involved 4. Frequency of intercourseA patient calls the clinic because she realized she missed one dose of an oral contraceptive. Which statement from the nurse is appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a) “Go ahead and take the missed dose now, along with today’s dose.”b )“Don’t worry, you are still protected from pregnancy.”c) “Please come to the clinic for a reevaluation of your therapy.”d )“Wait 7 days, and then start a new pack of pills.”e) “You will need to use a backup form of contraception concurrently for 7 days.”When teaching a patient who is taking oral contraceptive therapy for the first time, the nurse relates that adverse effects may include which of the following? a )Dizzinessb )Nauseac )Tingling in the extremitiesd )Polyuria
