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Define convergent evolution, and discuss how the cephalopod eye and the vertebrate eye demonstrate this phenomenon.
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- What is convergent evolution? Use evidence from the trees to explain how the Anolis lizards are an example of this concept.How does the presence of gill slits in all vertebrate embryos support the theory of descent from a common universal ancestor?Give certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempels and Lee, 2013). List five primitive characters all humans share with all other animals, but not with any other living things.
- In 1928 Walter Garstang hypothesized that tunicates resemble the ancestral stock of the vertebrates. Explain this hypothesis and evaluate its validity with recent phylogenetic, fossil, and developmental data.Answer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?Define the Reconstructing Vertebrate Evolution by Phylogenetic Analysis ?
- Outline the evolution of humans from early primates.Include in your discussion such features as binocular vision,grasping hands, bipedal locomotion, toolmaking, and brainexpansion.Explain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of each in terms of the adaptive potential? Define the term “adaptive radiation” and explain why it is important to the principle of evolution. Why was adaptive radiation especially important to mammals’ eventual rapid evolutionary success and diversification? What are some of the different groups of mammals?Using the theory of natural selection, explain how giraffe necks evolved.
- Discuss the idea that every evolutionary adaptation has both advantages and disadvantages, using each of the following as an example: (a) cephalization,(b) the arthropod exoskeleton, and (c) segmentation with specialization.Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modern whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely conclusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus...See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?