DEfine Cx43—the most ubiquitously

Q: 43. The clinical term for the amount of packed red blood cells present in whole blood is _________.…

A: Packed red blood cells, which is also called packed cells are the red blood cells which is separated…

Q: Patients with sever ly reduced C3 levels tend to have а. Increased number of severe viral infections…

A: C3 means complement component is a protein present in the immune system. It is important for innate…

Q: Monocyte-derived macrophages can eventually adopt a phenotype similar to that of tissue-resident…

A: Introduction : Macrophages are specialised immune cells that play an important role in the…

Q: Differentiate the role of antibodies in causing Gravesdisease versus Addison disease.

A: Answer: Introduction: Graves' disease is an autoimmune illness which results in hyperthyroidism, or…

Q: 33. Give a brief explanation of clonal selection and expansion

A: Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recogonizes an…

Q: Explain two mechanisms used to increase bodytemperature as a fever develops.

A: Numerous body organs work in a coordinated manner to maintain optimum body functioning. Any abnormal…

Q: 5. Describe briefly, the course of a bacterial infection at the mucosal surface.

A: Microbes are consistently associated with our body surfaces. When these breach our body surfaces it…

Q: 39 A 40-year-old man participating in a study of high altitude for 2 weeks shows an increase in…

A: A high hematocrit indicates that a person is at a high altitude since this altitude requires more…

Q: Describe the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and glycogen in the vagina. What factors…

A: The female reproductive system is more complex and is influenced by multiple hormones that are…

Q: Write the name of lysosomal storage disorders.

A: Lysosomal storage disorder are also known as sphingolipidoses, in which sphingolipids are…

Q: Name two elements of the cytoskeleton that are involved in lymphocyte diapedesis, and indicate the…

A: Diapedesis: The movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system and towards the site of tissue…

Q: State the role and explain the importance of MALT.

A: MALT: MALT, also known as mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of tiny…

Q: Give several examples of hemoglobin mutations that result in disease.

A: Hemoglobin is the protein that transports oxygen in the blood. It is a tetrameric protein containing…

Q: a. Knowing that fever is potentially both harmful and benefi cial, what are some possible guidelines…

A: Fever is the sudden rise in temperature of the body that is due to the physiological reasons like…

Q: Differentiate agglutinin from agglutinogen.

A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…

Q: (a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for…

A: Luciferase reporter produces luminescence. If cells contain a luciferase vector, the luminescent…

Q: Relate specific events in inflammation to the symptoms of Pneumonia

A: Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sac in both the lungs and it might…

Q: Explain why chemotherapy and radiation may berecommended following surgery for breast cancer…

A: Breast Cancer        Cancer formation in the breast cells resulting in abnormal growth and affecting…

Q: What is normal range of creatine in serum ?

A: The nitrogenous organic compound that is formed in protein metabolism is seen to be creatinine. It…

Q: Define the term myxedema?

A: The thyroid gland is present below the muscles and skin at the anterior of the neck. This gland is…

Q: Describe the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of drugs that modulate histamine, COX and LOX pathways,…

A: 1.-ANTIINFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS OF DRUG TO THAT MODULATE  HISTAMINE ,COX ,AND LOX -the most important…

Q: 1. Write about two organ system that are affected by COVID19. Please include how they are affected.

A: As per our company policy i have to solve only one question when multiple questions posted .so,…

Q: Define agglutinin

A: Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also designated as antibodies (Ag) and helps in killing the pathogenic…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: Describe two mutations that are associated with the development of leukaemia and how these two…

A: The type of cancer that will begin in the blood-forming tissue, generally in the bone marrow, is…

Q: State the location of protoplasmic astrocytes.

A: The neural system (NS) performs three functions: sensory input, processing the information, and…

Q: b. Explain the pathogenesis of Hamid's condition. What is the most common cause of his condition?…

A: On the basis of history probable diagnosis is Diabetic foot with ulceration. Ans.B) Pathogenesis of…

Q: What are the acute phase proteins ? Illustrate examples .

A: Acute phase proteins are those proteins whose plasma concentrations increases (known as positive…

Q: How is blood clotting related to zymogens?

A: Zymogens, also called as pro enzyme, is an inactive precursor of an enzyme. It requires a…

Q: Explain the Xinactivation center (Xic) ?

A: X Chromosome: Humans generally have one pair of Sex chromosomes, XX for females and XY for males in…

Q: 3. Briefly describe the bilirubin metabolism.

A: Answer: BILIRUBIN is the yellowish substance formed after breakdown of red blood cells , and it…

Q: Describe depurination and apurinic site formation

A: Mutations arise mostly due to damage to the DNA. These are caused mainly by environmental factors,…

Q: Define the term macrophages?

A: Macrophages are a part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. They are the cells of…

Q: Explain the structure of eosinophils.

A:

Q: Indicate 3 ways of visualizing a TLC after elution. Name three  types of chromatography (excluding…

A: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) works by differences in polarity. So the polarity of compounds is…

Q: Explain how the process of apoptosis is induced and carried out in each of the following instances:…

A: In multicellular organisms, cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are…

Q: Analyze the pathophysiologic and epidemiologic similarities and differences between chronin leukemia…

A: Cancer is gradually becoming the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries.…

Q: c) State the identifying features of female Anopheline mosquitoes. Name the insect vector of Yellow…

A: Vectors are the transmitting agent that transfers the pathogen that is infectious to other…

Q: Explain the significance of opsonization.

A: Optimization is the process by which our body target pathogens by opsonin proteins like C3b . These…

Q: Give a detailed example of autophagy.

A: Autophagy is the process in which the cell and the cellular components are degraded in a step by…

Q: Explain why herpes simplex tends to recur.

A: Herpes simplex is also known as herpes simplex virus (HPV), it is an infection caused by herpes.

Q: (b) What is E-factor?

A: *E factor is also called as environmental factor. *An environmental factor or it is also called as…

Q: Define the term Cor pulmonale?

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: Describe the process of leucocyte rolling.

A: leucocyte can be defined as any blood cell that will contain the nucleus. In health, there are three…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.