Define marker, and discuss its importance in the second and third lines of defense.

Q: Identify and compare the targets and the recognitionmechanisms used by T-cytotoxic cells and NK…

A: The immune cells are the defense cells that defend the body from invaders. The cells of the immune…

Q: What is an introduction to ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ?

A: Antibody (Ab) or immunoglobin (Ig) is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system in response…

Q: Identify three components of the first line of defense.

A: The innate immune system in humans is also known as the first line of defense. Innate Immunity…

Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…

A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…

Q: Explain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.

A: The joining of segments of antibody and T cell receptor (TCR) genes in developing lymphocytes is…

Q: Summarize the advantage of using a monoclonal antibodyfor diagnosis or treatment, versus using…

A: Antibodies are an important part of the defense mechanism of the body. They help in fighting…

Q: Give 3 examples of barriers that make up the First Line of Defense. Describe how each one functions…

A: The first line of defense consists of the surface barriers which block the initial entry of…

Q: contrast cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

A: Natural killer cells (NKC) and cytotoxic T cells are two different lineages of immune cells that…

Q: Define Inflammatory Response, Stress, Malignant, and Immunocompromised. Give each example.

A: An organism's immune system is a web of biological processes that defends it against illness. It can…

Q: Describe two methods used to reduce the severity of atissue rejection reaction.

A: Tissue transplantation is a method adopted to repair damaged tissue by extracting the tissue cell…

Q: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities. This is the ___ line of defense.…

A: Immune system is responsible for killing the foreign body present in our body.

Q: Describe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each…

A: The human body comes across different antigens, hence the immune system has the potential to produce…

Q: Compare and contrast the mechanisms of antigen challenge and the clonal selection processes of B and…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to guard against pathogenic microorganisms. It comprises a…

Q: Describe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergo infinite multiplication and differentiation causing…

Q: Explain how . Junctional diversity  contributes to antibody diversity.

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: Characterize pattern recognition receptors and pathogen-associatedmolecular patterns.

A: The immune system of the body is regulated by a network of cells that monitors the body for the…

Q: antibodies

A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…

Q: Diff erentiate between the three lines of defense, describing examples of each.

A: A very complex system that consist of tissue, cells, organs, and different  substances altogether…

Q: List the classes of antibody and discuss their diagnostic significance

A: Antibodies is also known as immunoglobulin (Ig). Antibodies are Y shaped proteins produced by plasma…

Q: Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.

A: Any foreign material that enters the body and causes harm is referred to as an antigen. The protein…

Q: State the three stages of this second line defense.

A: The immune system is basically a network of cells, tissues, and organs which works together to…

Q: What is the role of complement proteins and anti-microbial substances in the line of defense?…

A: Multicellular organisms' ability to fight dangerous germs is referred to as immunity. Both specific…

Q: List the First Line of Defense

A: With thousands of pathogenic bacteria and viruses around us, there must be a strict line of defense…

Q: Explain whether the antibody diversity is generated at the DNA or RNA level.

A: The immune system is a sophisticated biological system that can recognise and accept self-cells…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantified

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Discuss how drugs can cause damaging immune responses.

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: Briefly describe how activated cytotoxic T cells can kill virus-infected cells

A: Cytotoxic T cells  Commonly called CTLs are generated by the activation of T cells of WBC. The…

Q: Describe the genetic basis of antibody diversity.

A: The phenomenon of huge inconstancy normal for antibodies, which empowers the immune system to…

Q: Enzymes are considered to be part of the  ___ line of defense.   chemical   cell mediated…

A: Introduction Immunity is the capability of our body to fight against pathogens. Immunity is of two…

Q: Define antigen and antibody

A: The immune system is a coordinated network of a variety of immune cells, which on exposure to an…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare itto an epitope recognized by a TCR.

A: Given: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare it to an epitope recognized by a…

Q: hinge region Fc Fab kappa alpha chain Drag answer here Drag answer here. Drag answer here Drag…

A: The structure of the antibody is Y shaped with four polypeptide chains with two heavy and two light…

Q: Explain the mechanisms of antibody action and correlate mechanisms with effector functions.

A: Immunology is a branch of science that deals with the aspects of immune reactions, antibody…

Q: Define the term: antibody

A: The defense system in our body is known as the immune system, it helps our body to fight against the…

Q: What is the role of complement proteins and anti-microbial substances in the line of defense?

A: Immunity is a complicated biological mechanism with the ability to recognize and accept whatever…

Q: escribe the term "in-frame" and also the reason that it would be necessary for the generation of…

A: By the time B lymphocytes reach lymphoid tissue, they have developed their own set of antigens. This…

Q: Antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigensite are (monoclonal, polyclonal).

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins. These are also known as immunoglobulins.  Antibodies identify the…

Q: Explain and describe about the antibody significance

A: Structure and function of antibodies: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called…

Q: List and describe the steps in inflammation and describe how it can be helpful.

A: Inflammation occurs when any tissue in the body gets damaged. This may occur by viruses, bacteria,…

Q: The process where antibody attracts macrophages to invading microbes by making them more appealing…

A: Macrophages are the part of Innate immunity system. These phagocytose bacteria and secrete both…

Q: What is the role of complement proteins and anti-microbial substances in the line of defense?…

A: Introduction The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system…

Q: Outline the localization of B and T cells during development

A: The development of lymphocytes is considered a very complex phenomenon in which there occurs a…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.