Describe post-transcriptional control mechanisms for B—lymphocytes to produce membrane-bound and secreted forms of antibodies observed throughout their development

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: For each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be…

A: The lymph vessels enter the nodes at the outer edge, between the capsule and the cortex, and also…

Q: Explain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.

A: The joining of segments of antibody and T cell receptor (TCR) genes in developing lymphocytes is…

Q: age? Write down its role in monoclonal antibodies production.

A: Acrylamide is that the material of selection for getting ready cataphoretic gels to separate…

Q: Regarding the antigen receptor repertoires of lymphocyte populations, which of the following Venn…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: in nucleated cells, the presentation of an antigen onto the surface of the cell is a normal process…

A: MHC-I consist of alpha chain and beta microglobulin and each have 45 kilodalton and 12 kilodalton…

Q: Outline the process of B-cell activation against a T-dependent antigen.

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the small lymphocyte…

Q: Compare and contrast the mechanisms of antigen challenge and the clonal selection processes of B and…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to guard against pathogenic microorganisms. It comprises a…

Q: Explain the clonal selection theory of receptor specifi city and diversity in lymphocytes.

A: The great diversity of receptors in the immune system is the result of the large number of genes…

Q: Serum sickness does begin immediately upon the production of anti-BSA antibodies. How does the…

A: Introduction : A hypersensitive reaction is characterised by an immune response to an antigen that…

Q: Describe and explain antigen processing and peptide presentation in MHC I and MHC II. Include a…

A: Given: Need to explain antigen processing and peptide presentation in MHC I and MHC II. Include a…

Q: Explain MHC Restriction of the Lymphocyte Receptors?

A: MHC is the Major histocompatibility complex and is defined as the various genes present in a cluster…

Q: Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, andexplain the different functions of IgG,…

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins that are produced from the B-cells or B-lymphocytes.…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity

A: IgM is one of the class of antibodies and consists of five four chain structures. It is the largest…

Q: Explain the difference between a T-cell-dependent and a T-cellindependentresponse.

A: The body recognizes any foreign substances known as an antigen that causes disease and eliminates…

Q: Discuss the events in B-cell and T-cell maturation and how they differ.

A: T cells or thymus cells and B cells or bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells are the major cellular…

Q: List the chemical characteristics and actions of antibodies.

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Name the WBCs that produce antibodies.

A: The WBCs are the white blood cells or leukocytes and these are cells of the immune system that are…

Q: Explain what is meant by serotype-specific immunity.

A: Immunity is a complex biological phenomenon to different between self and nonself or foreign…

Q: Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.

A: Any foreign material that enters the body and causes harm is referred to as an antigen. The protein…

Q: Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.…

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes which is tightly linked and is found in…

Q: Describe the role of non- specific macrophages and explain the structure of an antibody molecule.

A: The immune system of the body protects the organisms from the harmful pathogen. Pathogens are the…

Q: Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify antigen-binding siteson the antibody.

A: Ig refers to immunoglobins which are glycoproteins. They are produced by the plasma cells. They are…

Q: Describe the typical shape and structure of an antibody. Distinguish between antibodies and…

A: Since you've asked many questions, we're only answering the first three for you. If you want any…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity.

A: Natural immunoglobulin M is a pentameric, polyreactive antibody produced by the b1 B cells. This…

Q: describe the structure and five types of antibodies;

A: Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells and they are also known as immunoglobulins. They…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: Which of the following event would decide B lymphocyte lineage during the lymphopoiesis process?…

A: Lymphopoiesis is known as as the process of generating lymphocytes, one of the 5 types of WBC. It is…

Q: Write role of SDS-PAGE in monoclonal antibodies production

A: SDS-PAGE is a gel electrophoresis technique that separates the proteins based on the mass of the…

Q: MHCII molecules will bind __________ and locate to the cell surface. a. T-independent type antigens…

A: T cells are not able to recognize free antigens directly. They can recognise only antigens that are…

Q: Briefly describe the effector functions of the following subsets of CD4* helper T lymphocytes and…

A: Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for…

Q: Immunization to produce antibodies that would bind to FSH and negate its activity is being…

A: Testosterone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) are the two essential hormones for…

Q: Describe the development of antigen receptors on lymphocytes

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are the major immune cells. The lymphocytes are…

Q: Explain why the processes of T-lymphocytes are collectively called the cellmediated branch of…

A: The adaptive immune response refer to an initial infection takes much longer to form than the innate…

Q: Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 T cells whose receptors strongly bind a…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone…

Q: Briefly explain the characteristics of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) Classes.

A: Immunoglobulin are proteins in nature. These are present on the surface of B cells and are secreted…

Q: Describe how MHC proteins display antigens to T cells.

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow. Lymphocytes play an…

Q: Describe the mechanisms for antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I and class II…

A: INTRODUCTION Everybody's immune system is different, but it usually gets stronger as we get older…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.