Briefly describe the effector functions of the following subsets of CD4* helper T lymphocytes and distinguish their cytokine profiles: i)Th1 cell ii)Th2 cell
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- Explain the effector response of helper T-lymphocytes.Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 T cells whose receptors strongly bind a self-pep-tide–MHC complex are killed off in peripheral lymphoidorgans when they encounter the self peptide on an anti-gen-presenting dendritic cell. 2 To guarantee that the antigen-presenting cells inthe thymus will display a complete repertoire of self pep-tides to allow elimination of self-reactive T cells, the thy-mus recruits dendritic cells from all over the body. 3 The antibody diversity created by the combinato-rial joining of V, D, and J segments by V(D)J recombinationpales in comparison to the enormous diversity created bythe random gain and loss of nucleotides at V, D, and J join-ing sites.Why are CD8+/αβT-cells important? Explain the function of the mature activated CD8+/αβT-cell and list 3 cytotoxic effector molecules they secrete and 3 cytokines they secrete.
- Explain why the processes of T-lymphocytes are collectively called the cellmediated branch of adaptive immunity.Describe post-transcriptional control mechanisms for B—lymphocytes to produce membrane-bound and secreted forms of antibodies observed throughout their developmentDescribe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T cells promote the immunological defenses provided by cytotoxic T cells and by B cells.
- The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called lymphokines that serve as autocrine regulators of the immune system.a. Identify any five (5) lymphokines and explain their functions.b. Briefly state a function for each of the following immune cells. Monocytes Mast Cells B Lymphocytes Cytotoxic, T Lymphocytes Helper T LymphocytesCells from mouse spleen were fixed and stain with CD4, whichis found on T cells. Are the lighter green and black dots teh CD4?The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement activation is to _____. a. regulate the expression of complement proteins b. ensure that the components of the membrane-attack complex assemble in the correct sequence c. facilitate the secretion of complement proteins to extracellular locations d. stabilize complement proteins, thus extending their half-lives in serum e. ensure that C3b is deposited on appropriate surfaces.
- A T lymphocyte activated in the GALT will subsequently home to all of the following except _____. (Select all that apply.) a. mucosal lymphoid tissues of lactating mammary glands b. the spleen c. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract d. systemic lymph nodes e. mucosal lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract f. lymphoid tissues of the skin.Name the 3 major sub-types of T-lymphocytes: a. (a) ___________________ (b) ___________________ (c) ___________________Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Inwhat functional ways do they differ?
