Describe the crack appearance and development from the beginning of compression to failure when a masonry specimen is suffered by the axial compressive force.

Construction Materials, Methods and Techniques (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305086272
Author:William P. Spence, Eva Kultermann
Publisher:William P. Spence, Eva Kultermann
Chapter9: Pre-cast Concrete
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Answer any of the two

 

1- Describe the crack appearance and development from the beginning of compression to failure when a masonry specimen is suffered by the axial compressive force.

2- list the calculation procedure and the main calculation formulas of D-value method to calculate the internal force of frame structure under horizontal loads.

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