Describe the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic neuronal stimulation on heart rate.

Q: Describe the autonomic innervation of the heart.

A: The heart is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres from the autonomic branch of the…

Q: Describe the heart’s pacemaker and internal electrical conduction system.

A: The heart can be defined as the muscular organ which is about the size of a fist and is situated…

Q: Explain how an action potential occurs in cardiac contractile fibers.

A: The automatic rhythmicity of the heart is its ability to contract spontaneously and at regular rate.…

Q: Discuss the regulation of cardiac output during exercise.

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. The cells form the tissues which collectively form an organ.…

Q: Discuss that main factors that control heart rate?

A: We know that, Carotid arteries carry blood from the heart to the brain. They branch off from the…

Q: Summarize the effects of the autonomic nervous system on the heart.

A: The functioning of heart is controlled by Autonomic nervous system in many ways

Q: Explain how Cardiac output is controlled and affected by the following factors: 1. the atrial and…

A: Atrial reflexes is in action when there is venous return to the heart. Baroreceptors in the superior…

Q: Describe the structure of the heart and its components.

A: HEART: It is a muscular organ. It is the foundation of the cardiovascular system. Size: About a…

Q: Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventriclesduring a cardiac cycle.

A: The heart is an organ found in animals which is specialised to pump blood in the body. The heart is…

Q: Define cardiac output, describe how it is regulated, and identify factors that affect it.

A: Cardiac muscle tissue can be defined as one of the three types of muscle tissue in our body. Cardiac…

Q: Describe the pathway of electrical conduction of the heart, starting with the SA node. How does…

A: In the heart, the contraction of the heart muscle is promoted by the electrical conduction system…

Q: Explain the working of heart.

A: The heart is a muscular organ and is a structure associated with the cardiovascular system.

Q: Compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate

A: The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are part of the autonomic nervous system that…

Q: Explain the term isovolumetric ventricular contraction?

A: The cardiac cycle in animals is the result of the atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation…

Q: Define each of the following external features of the heart: auricle, coronary sulcus, anterior…

A: The heart is an organ that pumps blood through the arteries. The pumped blood carries oxygen…

Q: List other factors that affect heart rate

A: Heart rate is the rate at which heart beats per minute. The average adult heart rate is 72 beats per…

Q: List the normal value for resting heart rate

A: The human circulatory system or the blood vascular system consists of a muscular chambered heart, a…

Q: Describe the factors that influence preload and afterload, and explain how they affect cardiac…

A: Cardiac output is  defined as a amount of blood  heart pumps in a  minute, and also  it depends on…

Q: Trace the pathway of blood flow through the heart, and describe the major factors that ensure…

A: the blood vessels are organized into two different circulatory routes- SYSTEMATIC AND PULMONARY…

Q: What effect will an increase in parasympathetic activity have on heart rate, force of contraction,…

A: The  Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two interacting systems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic…

Q: Predict the potential effects of right-sided heart failure (failure of the right ventricle to pump…

A: When the right side of the heart does not pump blood as properly, the right sided heart failure…

Q: Number of double circulations completed by the human heart per minute under resting conditions is

A: Components of closed circulatory system It consists of heart to pump the blood, blood vessels like’s…

Q: describe the issues associated with left side heart failure, how does it affect pulmonary blood…

A: The circulatory system is one of the major systems of the human body. The circulatory system…

Q: Provide the alternative terms for the contraction and relaxation of heart chambers.

A: The human heart is the one organ that powers the entire body. Without it we wouldn’t be able to do…

Q: Describe the control of cardiac function by the autonomic nerves

A: ANS ( Autonomic Nervous system ) is responsible for controlling many physiological functions…

Q: Define Cardiac Output, give its relationship with Stroke Volume.

A: Introduction - The heart is a muscular organ the size of a fist that is placed directly behind and…

Q: Describe the control of heart rate during and afterexercise.

A: Heart - heart is a body organ which pumps blood through blood vessel to the circulatory system.…

Q: Define Ventricular Tachycardia?

A: Introduction  Heart is highly muscular in nature and composed of smooth cardiac muscles which are…

Q: Define Ventricular Fibrillation?

A: The human heart is four-chambered. It has two auricles and two ventricles. The auricles pump blood…

Q: Define cardiac output, and explain how it is influenced by both heart rate and stroke volume.

A: The cardiac cycle is the human heart's performance from the beginning of one heartbeat to the…

Q: Describe the functional differences in the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions…

A: The nervous system is an organ system in the body that can be divided into the central nervous…

Q: Describe what occurs in the heart during systole and diastole.

A: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.…

Q: Describe the spread of the action potential through the heart’s conduction system.

A: A transient shift in voltage (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart cells is…

Q: Explain the mechanism of the contractions of the heart and how it is regulated?

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into four chambers: Left auricle (LA), right auricle…