Describe the events that occur during action potential ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Explanation of how resting membrane potential works and which ions inside/outside Expiation of how depolarisation membrane occurs and which ions move in/how they move in . Explanation of "threshold" . Explanation of depolarisation and which ions move out and how they move out. Explanation of hyperpoarisation and how it is corrected. ( state membrane potential in mv during each stage )

Describe the events that occur during action potential ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Explanation of how resting membrane potential works and which ions inside/outside Expiation of how depolarisation membrane occurs and which ions move in/how they move in . Explanation of "threshold" . Explanation of depolarisation and which ions move out and how they move out. Explanation of hyperpoarisation and how it is corrected. ( state membrane potential in mv during each stage )

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RE: Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for...

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Draw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.
Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
Match the stages of action potential with the appropriate image or description. 1. Resting membrane potential 2. Threshold 3. Depolarization 4. Repolarization 5. Hyperpolarization 6. Refractory period The potential difference that must be met in order for an action potential to be generated When the potential drops below resting level When the potential starts to decrease again after it has reached a maximum Occurs at -77 mV When the membrane is resetting and an action potential cannot yet be produced again When the sodium channels are open Occurs at -55 mV
Based upon the changes in permeability seen in the trace below and your knowledge of ion distributions across a cell, predict how ion movements would change during an action potential. Drag and drop each phrase into the appropriate box on the action potential trace. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used. ►View Available Hint(s) Sodium (Na+) ions move to the axon Sodium (Na) ions move out of the axon Less potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K¹) ions move into the axon Sodium (Na) ions stop moving in Membrane potential (mv) +30 +10 0 -10- -30 -50 -70 -90 A PNa 0 PNa 5 6 1 PK Threshold PK 2 Reset Help
Give a detailed, step-by-step description of the stages of an action potential, including a description of and explanation for the refractory periods and the rising and falling phases as well as return to rest. In your explanation, make sure to include 1) summation principles, 2) key membrane potentials (values), 3) location of voltage changes along the membrane, 4) states of the various voltage-gated channels. The more detail, the better. There are 5 main steps.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Describe the resting potential for neurons. How is this potential established? Describe the development of the action potential. How does this come about, and what is the function of this phenomenon? Include a diagram of the various stages of the action potential, showing the changes in voltage that occur throughout this phenomenon
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential? A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.
Match the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)
In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials? No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low. The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.
Explain the following; If a drug partly blocks a membrane’s potassium channels, how does it affect the action potential? Suppose the threshold of a neuron were the same as the neuron’s resting potential. What would happen? At what frequency would the cell produce action potentials?
Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to rest