Describe the movement of myosin along an actin filament. Outline the primary molecular steps and explain how this process is used by cells. How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to contract a cell by approximately 1 um?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter8: Muscle Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Discuss the steps in the hydrolysis of ATP by myosin and how these steps are coupled to the binding…

A: Myosin is the protein that converts ATP, a type of chemical energy to mechanical energy for the…

Q: The mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by the sliding filament model. According to…

A: Many different forms of cell motions are caused by actin filaments, which are often linked to…

Q: In the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps immediately precedes the sliding…

A: Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. Muscles allow for motions such as walking, and they…

Q: In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, I bands contain sacrcomeres. thin…

A: The cytoskeletal proteins including actin filament or microfilament, microtubules and intermediate…

Q: A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about 2 um in length. Within…

A: a) To find: The overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere

Q: A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 μm in length and contracts to about2 μm in length. Within…

A: The muscles fibers are composed of myofibrils and in turn myofibrils are composed of myosin and…

Q: Troponin C has been mutated such that it cannot bind to calcium. Describe the effect of this…

A: Troponin C (TnC) is the metal-binding supermolecule monetary unit that initiates the sequence of…

Q: In a classic experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are…

A: Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.

Q: 1. Which myosin type II property is most different from kinesin-1? A) myosin has two heads that can…

A: The actin-myosin interaction is most commonly known for its role in sliding filament theory, where…

Q: Predict which fractions will contain actin and which will contain myosin, and predict the degree of…

A: All types of muscle tissue contain actin and myosin. Muscle contractions and movements are generated…

Q: Certain multi-headed myosins bind cooperatively to actin filaments. The binding interaction is…

A: As seen in the graph, when one aminoacid asp residue changes into leucine amino acid in eachs…

Q: Which of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply.…

A: MUSCULAR TISSUE:- This tissue is different from the rest of the tissue as this tissue can contract…

Q: Know the Sliding Filament Theory & neurological events leading up to contraction. (i.e. from the…

A: The level of calcium ions in the cytoplasm is controlled by muscle contraction. Calcium ions work at…

Q: An unexpected discovery from studies of ameboid movement is that the same proteins found in the…

A: A crucial characteristic of animals is movement. Animal movement takes place in various forms in…

Q: Which of the following choices is CORRECT? A Myofibrils extend the length of a muscle fibre B.…

A: In muscles the sarcomer is termed as the fundamental unit. The sarcomer helps in the contraction.…

Q: What structures/s is/are responsible for the banding pattern in skeletal muscle cells? (EXPLAIN)…

A: Striated muscles are generally voluntary muscles that are under the conscious control of brain.…

Q: Songbirds sing using a type of muscle fiber called super fast-twitch muscles. These super…

A: Muscle contraction and relaxation are regulated by the levels of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm…

Q: You are interested in how motor proteins utilize ATP in their interaction with cytoskeletal…

A: Cytoskeleton is an intracellular network of protein filaments present in the cytoplasm. There are…

Q: Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to…

A: Muscle contraction is the result of critical steps characterized by conformational changes to…

Q: The ability of myosin to walk along an actin filament may be observed with the aid of an…

A: Myosin is the motor protein, actin filaments are the tracks along which myosin moves, and ATP is the…

Q: How would a myosin head mutant unable to bind ATP likely influence the myosin Il cycle? The myosin…

A: Skeletal muscles are a special type of muscles made up of contractile tissue. They are a type of…

Q: How does the cross-bridge result in thin filaments sliding over thick for contraction? Use key…

A: As Cross-bridge is formed myosin head is locked tightly on to an actin filament. Binding of ATP to…

Q: The sliding-filament model of skeletal-muscle contraction assumes a sliding or slipping of…

A: Muscle contraction occurs due to nerve stimulation. The striated muscle cell is tube-shaped and…

Q: Myosin II action differs from that of kinesin in that one of the kinesin heads is always in contact…

A: Introduction Motor motion, including as contractions and expansions, is controlled by myosin. Muscle…

Q: Explain the structure of dynein and kinesin and how their structures aid in organelle movement…

A: Dynein and kinesin are two of the cellular major motor proteins involved in the long range transport…

Q: What might happen if skeletal muscle lacked tropomyosin? A. The striation pattern would…

A: Myogenesis is the process of formation of muscles from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.…

Q: The cleavage furrow of animal cells is formed by: Select one: a. The action of actin…

A: A cell is defined as the smallest unit of a living organism which is the basic structural,…

Q: 9. The binding of the myosin head to the free binding site of the actin filament results in the…

A: Introduction Actin and myosin, coupled with the regulatory proteins known as troponin, tropomyosin,…

Q: What are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. Describe…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Provide one difference and one similarity in the process of contraction of smooth, skeletal, and…

A: Muscles are divided into three categories: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle is found in…

Q: A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 µm in length and contracts to about 2 µm in length. Within…

A: In muscle fibers, sarcomeres are the basic contractile units. There are two main protein filaments…

Q: There are at least 20 different types of myosin. What properties do all types share, and what makes…

A: Introduction Myosins are a group of motor proteins that play a key role in muscle contraction and a…

Q: What does ATP binding to myosin head triggers? a. Its association with microtubules b.…

A: It is a superfamily of protein which bind actin , hydrolyze ATP and transduce force. Myosin is the…

Q: Would you expect to find motor proteins that move along intermediate filaments? Explain why or why…

A: Intermediate filaments are thicker than actin filaments and thinner than microtubules.

Q: Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above.

A: In the given experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are…

Q: Where is ATP's energy used during crossbridge cycling? A. When ATP attaches to myosin and causes…

A: Muscle cells are specific for contraction. It allows for motions and facilitates bodily processes…

Q: Why is myosin II the only myosin capable of producing contractile force?

A: Introduction Myosins are a group of motor proteins that play a key role in muscle contraction and a…

Q: Actin filaments have polarity. The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly, or…

A: Under the plasma membrane, actin filaments form a network that provides mechanical support, defines…

Q: The depletion of ATP in muscle cells causes ____. myosin heads to remain bound to actin…

A: answer:1 The depletion of ATP in muscle cells causes calcium ions to be released from the…

Q: Which of the following happens within the sarcomere during muscle contraction? The myosin…

A: Answer :- Option (A) is correct. - The myosin filaments "walk" along the actin filaments…

Q: The E1% at 280 nm of the protein myosin is 0.842. You take 40µl of a myosin solution of unknown…

A: E1% means 1% solution of myosin gives the absorbance of 0.842 at 280 nm. 1% means 1g in 100 ml…

Q: 96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an…

A: Smooth muscles are the non-striated muscles which are found in all the internal hollow body organs…

Q: What are the steps of the sliding filament model? Select all that apply. Sarcomeres are in a relaxed…

A: Following are the steps of contraction of the disease 1. Release of neurotransmitter at motor…

Q: This thick filament motor protein composed of 6 polypeptide chains uses ATP hydrolysis to interact…

A: Skeletal muscles are attached with the skeleton. Muscle is made up of contractile, structural and…

Q: Myosin II has a duty ratio of 10 percent, and its step size is 8 nm. In contrast, myosin V has a…

A: Myosin-II (also known as conventional myosin) is a type of myosin. It is in charge of the production…

Q: On the molecular level, why does lifting weights consume energy? A. To contract a muscle,…

A: ANSWER;- c) To contract a muscle, myosin binds and pulls actin, ATP binding, and hydrolysis are…

Q: How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to…

A: Actin monomers

Q: If you were to watch muscle tissue contract: Under a light microscope, would you see the muscle…

A: Muscles play a vital role in the force and motion of the body. They contain protein filaments of…

Concept explainers

Muscle Action

A change in the body or a bodily organ as a result of its functioning is referred to as an action. Muscle action can be defined as the specific movement of a bodily part generated by the contraction of a muscle. The muscle proteins actin and myosin are the important contractile proteins involved in muscle action. Muscle contraction, in addition to movement, serves several other important functions in the body, including posture, heat generation, and joint stability. Muscle contraction maintains posture, which includes standing and sitting.

Question

Describe the movement of myosin along an actin filament. Outline the primary molecular steps and explain how this process is used by cells. How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to contract a cell by approximately 1 um? How fast could a non-muscle cell make this contraction compared to a muscle cell if the relative rates of myosin walks on F-actin are 4.5 um/sec and 0.04 um/sec for myosin II and I respectively?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1 Introduction: -

VIEW

Step 2 Explanation: -

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

The sliding-filament model of skeletal-muscle contraction assumes a sliding or slipping of interdigitating filaments of actin and myosin. Electron micrographs show that during contraction the actin and my-osin filaments remain of constant length while the distance between Z lines shortens. Explain how this happens in terms of the molecular structure of the muscle filaments. What is the role of regulatory pro-teins (troponin and tropomyosin) in contraction?
How many actin monomers within an actin filament would a myosin molecule need to ratchet in order to contract a cell by approximately 1 μm?
With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.
Myosin II has a duty ratio of 10 percent, and its step size is 8 nm. In contrast, myosin V has a much higher duty ratio (about 70 percent) and takes 36-nm steps as it walks down an actin filament. What differences between myosin II and myosin V account for their different properties?
How fast could a non-muscle cell make a contraction compared to a muscle cell if the relative rates of myosin walks on F-actin are 4.5 μm/sec and 0.04 μm/sec for myosin II and I respectively?
Certain multi-headed myosins bind cooperatively to actin filaments. The binding interaction is mainly electrostatic in nature, so the presence of additional salt (ions) in solution can interfere with binding; ions will tend to associate with charged residues on the two proteins, blocking electrostatic attractions that would otherwise take place. Briefly describe the expected shape of the binding curve for one of these myosins, and what will happen to the shape when the salt concentration increases.
The ability of myosin to walk along an actin filament may be observed with the aid of an appropriately equipped microscope. Describe how such assays are typically performed. Why is ATP required in these assays? How can such assays be used to determine the direction of myosin movement or the force produced by myosin?
Skeletal muscle cells undergo contractions based on a molecular mechanism involving: 1)the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other without any change in filament length 2) the shortening of actin filaments following direct interaction with myosin 3) dynamic instability of microtubules 4)none
If you were to watch muscle tissue contract: Under a light microscope, would you see the muscle fibers get narrower, or the striations get thinner? Explain. At the EM level, focusing on one sarcomere, you would be able to see a region of thick filaments overlapping two regions of thin filaments. Use the structure of the thick filaments to explain how ONE region of thick filaments is able to pull in microfilament in two opposite directions (both toward the center of the sarcomere).
Give typed explanation Put the events of a single cross-bridge cycle in the proper order. Start with Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. a) myosin binds to actin b) ATP binds to myosin, cross-bridge disconnect c) ATP splits into ADP and Pi d) Myosin head re-energized, repositions into high energy state e) Calcium resequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum f) Cross-bridge power stroke g) Calcium binds to troponin , and actin binding sites are exposed
When ADP and Pi are bound to myosin in the cross-bridge cycle... (MULTIPLE SELECT) A. There is no force production and myosin is not bound to actin B. There is no force production and myosin is bound to actin C. There is force production and myosin is not bound to actin D. If its smooth muscle, a second phosphate might be bound to the light chain E. The cross-bridge is in a state of rigor mortis F. There is force production and myosin is bound to actin
On the molecular level, why does lifting weights consume energy? A. To contract a muscle, acetylcholine binds and pulls calcium ions. ATP binding and hydrolysis are required in the cycle of acetylcholine and calcium-binding and unbinding. B. To contract a muscle, myosin and actin filaments shorten, requiring ATP binding and hydrolysis. O C. To contract a muscle, myosin binds and pulls actin, ATP binding and hydrolysis are required in the cycle of myosin and actin-binding and unbinding. D. To contract a muscle, acetylcholine and calcium filaments shorten, requiring ATP binding and hydrolysis.