Desert rodents and ants both depend on seeds from scrub plants as a food resource. What conditions would favor the existence of both species within the biological community? Rodents prefer larger seeds as a food choice, while ants tend to consume smaller seed types. Rodents and ants inhabit different areas of the habitat based on temperature and rainfall patterns in the environment. Foraging rodents are more efficient at gathering food resources in the desert habitat than the foraging ants. An increase in rodent predators in the biological community causes a dramatic increase in the size of the ant population.
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- The eastern screech owl (Megascops asio) roosts in tree cavities. As long as there are enough tree cavities available for all the owls in the population, the number of tree cavities has no effect on per capita birth or death rates. If there are more owls than the number of tree cavities, the per capita death rate increases with increased population size (because of increased rates of predation or death by exposure). How does this scenario differ from the traditional idea of density-dependent population regulation, as described by Nicholson (1956) or Turchin (1995)? Does it make more or less sense, and why?Consider the following scenario and respond to the question below. A population of bird exists with variation in beak size, from small to medium to large beaks. This population experiences a shift in climate that affects food supply. Previously, the birds consumed insects, which was a diet perfectly suited to medium-sized beaks. Insects are less available following the change in climate. Now, fruits and seeds are the abundant food type. These are most successfully acquired by large beaks (for fruits) and small beaks (for seeds). Which best explains the expected role of natural selection in this scenario? Group of answer choices The entire bird population (of all beak sizes) will go extinct. Birds in this population with larger and smaller beaks will have higher reproductive fitness than birds with medium-sized beaks based on ability to acquire sufficient food. Birds with medium-sized beaks will undergo change in their lifetime to either shrink or grow their beak size to adapt.…You are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…
- The graph in Figure 3 represents the beak sizes of the offspring of the birds that survived the drought of1977. (The survivors were represented by the black bars in Figure 2, and this graph shows the beak depth distribution of their offspring in 1978.) Explain the observed change in beak characteristics using the following concepts in your answer: competition, survival of the fittest, inheritance.Because resources are limited, natural selection will favor organisms that acquire the most food and resources while expending the least energy, an idea called the optimal foraging theory. This theory is paired with another that more specifically explains patch movement and foraging behavior, which is named the marginal value theorem. true or falseFor various reasons, some species prefer to live on the edge of a habitat patch while others fare better if they stay near the middle of a patch. In areas with a mosaic of grassland and woodland, warbler fledglings are more likely to survive when their parents nest in the core rather than the ecotone, because the ecotone is also habitat for brown-headed cowbirds. What is the name for the behavior of cowbirds that poses a risk to warblers? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
- Ancestors of the beach mouse mayhave exhibited variations in their coat color. Because of the prevalence of visualpredators, the better-camouflaged (lighter) mice in the beach habitat may havesurvived longer and been able to produce more offspring. Over time, a higher andhigher proportion of individuals in the population would have had the adaptation of lighter fur that acted to camouflage the mouse in the beach habitat.In many omnivorous species, it is difficult to know the correlation of individual fitness with the resource distribution of the food available. Would it be enough to measure relative fitnesses of individuals of an omnivorous species in order to know what mode of selection is acting on the omnivore population? Why or why not?A sardine shoaling behavior shown below is observed in sardine fishing grounds in the country such as the Zamboanga Peninsula. Shoaling behavior happens when a massive number of sardines arrive to feed in coastal areas associated with high primary production due to upwelling. This massive number of arrivals also means a sardine feast for its predators such as tuna, barracuda, other piscivorous pelagic fish as well as sharks. What do you think is the adaptive value of shoaling behavior? How does "arriving in massive numbers" contribute to better chances of survival against an ensuing feast of predators?
- A population of 1,000 wild turkeys is studied and observed by scientists on an island. The scientists construct a study over five years to observe the temperature, amount of precipitation, daily value of berries individually consumed that were their exclusive food source, and available habitat for nesting. The scientist determined that as the climate changed, the population began to decrease. Using the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium as a null hypothesis, which of the following observations made by the scientists would support an associated alternative hypothesis? Due to the climate change, some birds may emigrate to a cooler location that would lead to a variation in the gene frequencies within the population. Variations in gene frequency due to advantages in natural selection would cause a greater number of males in the population to have more desirable traits. An increase in food consumption would cause the population to begin to exceed the carrying capacity that leads to a…On large, black lava flows in the deserts of the southwestern United States, populations of many types of animals are composed primarily of dark individuals. By contrast, on small lava flows, populations often have a relatively high proportion of light-colored individuals. How can you explain this difference?Which of the following ecological situations would result in INCREASED selection on the peaceful “dove” strategy relative to the hawk-dove game discussed in class? Increased value of the resource Unlikely that the individual will have future opportunities to get the resource Decreased cost of displaying All of the above