Desired Aggregate Expenditure Yo Y₂ G Yo V₂ FIGURE 23-1 Refer to Figure 23-1. Assume the economy is initially in equilibrium with desired aggregate expenditure equal to real GDP at point V. The price level is P 0 Now, suppose the AE curve shifts to AE 1 and we move to a new equilibrium level of GDP at Y 1 and point F on AD ¹. A possible cause of this change in equilibrium is O an exogenous rise in the price level. O an exogenous fall in the price level. O an increase in government purchases. O a decrease in desired net exports O an increase in autonomous consumption. Y₁ AE-Y AF2 AFO Real GDP AD2 ADI ADO Real GDP
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- Assume that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75 and that taxes are exogenous. Imagine that government expenditure increases by $10m. Begin by assuming that the interest rate and prices stay fixed. 1. What is the value of the aggregate expenditure multiplier (k)? 2. How would the change be represented in an AD-AS diagram? 3. How would the change differ if the interest rate could change (assuming prices remain fixed)? 4. How would the change differ if the price level could also change?The graph models an economy in equilibrium with a real GDP of $180 billion. Suppose that consumers' expectations about future incomes change, causing unplanned inventory investment to increase by $30 billion. Shift the planned aggregate expenditure (AE) line to show the effect of this change. *Image* 1) This change will cause the equilibrium level of real GDP to a) decrease. b) remain unchanged. c) increase. 2) By how much will GDP change once the new equilibrium is reached? If GDP will decrease, be sure to include a negative sign. GDP change: $ ________ billion18 - : If aggregate demand increases in an economy while aggregate demand is constant in the short run, which of the following statements is correct for the new equilibrium point?A) price decreases and national income increasesB) price rises national income risesC) price increases and national income does not changeD) price goes up and national income goes downE) price decreases and national income decreases.19 - : In which of the following expressions is the equation of change given correctly?A) MV=VK B) MT=PV C) MV=PT D) MP=VY E) MV=P
- Considering the growing potential threat of terrorists’ attacks worldwide, the President of an economyapproved a fiscal spending of $24 billion to upgrade its national defense. a. Starting in a long-run equilibrium, draw a well-labelled AD-SRAS-LRAS diagram for the economy. b. Use the same diagram in part (a) to show the SR effect on the economy’s GDP (Y), the price level, andunemployment when the federal government increases its spending on national defense. c. To stabilize the price level and the economy’s GDP, what kind of monetary policy should the economyadopt? Illustrate your answer in the same diagram in (a).Consider the following initial conditions (where all dollar amounts are in billions): C = 600 + 0.6y D , I = 400, G 1 = 300, T 1 = 200 A. Given these initial conditions, calculate y*. Draw a rectangle around the expenditure equation resulting from step I and your calculated y* in step II. Draw a graph showing the total expenditure (E) curve and y*. Label y*, E*, and the E-intercept of the expenditure equation. If yF were $3,100, would the economy be in a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap? What is the size of the gap? Label yF and show the gap on the graph from B. If the government were to try to close the gap by changing the level of government spending, how much of a change (∆G) would be necessary to close the gap? What would be the new level of government spending (G2 )? What is the new expenditure equation (draw a rectangle around it)? On the graph from part B, draw the new expenditure curve, E2 , and label the new y* and the new E intercept. Alternatively, if the…Derive the consumption function and use this relation in the aggregate demand function to derivean equation for the equilibrium in the goods market . Why the AD line is upward sloping?Suppose the government spending falls by 100 and in this case marginal propensity to consumeis 0.8. what is the value of change in output. Draw a diagram to show the shift in AD line due tothis change in government spending and output.
- Consider the following macroeconomy. All amounts are in millions (m.) of $: C = 750 + 0.8 YD I = 1200 G = 150 T = 250 Calculate eqm Y and prove that I=sum of S at this equilibrium. What is meant by the “Paradox of Thrift” (POT)? Go back to the original eqm of part a. Now prove using multiplier analysis that the POT holds in this economy by assuming that the change in co is -$50 m. As part of your answer, explain “intuitively” why this paradox exists. Show what happens in the Z-Y space graph.It is found that the consumption function for the economy is C = 50 + 0.8 Y d . Current level of output is 8800 and the potential GDP is 9000. Assuming the Keynesian view of the short run, answer the following questions. Illustrate this economy using a carefully labeled diagram. What is a larger concern for this economy: unemployment or inflation? If the economic policy makers want to bring the level of output to the potential GDP by changing the government expenditures (G), how much do they need to change G? Be sure to indicate whether the change is an increase or decrease. True or False and explain: If the policy in part c was successful, the unemployment rate will be zero.Assume the level of autonomous investment is $100 billion and aggregate expendituresequal consumption and investment. Based on the following table, answer the followingquestions. a. Fill in the unplanned inventory column.b. Determine the MPC and MPS.c. If this economy employs a labor force of 40 million, what will happen to this level of employment? Explain and identify the equilibrium level of output.
- Consider the economy described by the following equations: C = 1,600 + 0.9 (Y – T) I p = 800 G = 1,600 NX = 200 T = 1,600 Y* = 29,000 a. Complete the table shown below to find short-run equilibrium output. Consider possible values for short-run equilibrium output as they are given in the table below.Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. OutputY Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE) Y – PAE Y = PAE? 27,200 (Click to select) Yes No 27,400 (Click to select) No Yes 27,600 (Click to select) No Yes 27,800 (Click to select) No Yes 28,000 (Click to select) No Yes b. Short-run level of equilibrium output: c. What is the output gap for this economy? Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. The actual unemployment rate should…Assume the economy has positively sloped AS curve. A leftward shift of the AD curve will result in O A. a decrease in prices and no change in real GDP.OB. an increase in both real GDP and prices.O C.a decrease in both real GDP and pricesO D.an increase in prices and no change in real GDPO E.an increase in real GDP and no change in prices.OF. a decrease in real GDP and no change in prices.16. Consider a closed economy with demand for goods as follows: Yd = C+I+G C= 200+0.80 ( Y-T) I= 600 G=1000 T=1000 a. What is “autonomous expenditure” ( Eo) for this economy? hint: the Keynesian cross model of income determination.