Determining Rent in a Market with Low-Cost and High-Cost Firms Suppose firms in a competitive market for house paints have the cost function C(q)=8+2q+2q?. The market is in a long-run equilibrium. (a) What is the price of house paint? (b) Suppose a subset of the firms in the market have developed technology that reduces their costs by 50% at any output level. That means these low-cost firms have the cost function C(q)=4+q+q?. How much additional profit do these low-cost firms earn from the technology? (c) Suppose over time, more and more firms adopt the lower-cost technology. What will be the price of paints in the long run?
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- To maximize profit, a price taker will expand its output as long as the sale of additional units adds more to revenues (marginal revenues) than to costs (marginal costs). Therefore, the profit-maximizing price taker will produce the output level at which marginal revenue (and price) equals marginal cost. In a price-taker market, if a business produces efficiently (i.e., that is, where marginal revenues = marginal costs), the firm will be able to make at least a normal profit. True of False. ExplainA competitive firm produces a product using the function f(x1,x2)=8x1/21x1/22f(x1,x2)=8x11/2x21/2. The factor prices are p1=$2.50p1=$2.50 and p2=$4p2=$4 and the firm can purchase as much of either factor at the given prices. What is the firm's marginal cost? a. None of the above b. ≈$1.07 c. ≈$2.32 d. ≈$1.74. An electricity producer has a constant marginal cost of production equal to $40 per megawatt. The residual demand for its electricity is given by P (q) = a−bq, where P is the price and q is the quantity of power generated by this producer. The producer knows the slope, b, but he vertical intercept of the residual demand curve, a is unknown. Assume A and B are greater than zero. If you get stuck, you may answer any of the following questions for special case where a = 80 And b = 0.5 for partial credit. (a) What is the marginal revenue, M R(q), for this producer? b) What is the optimal q for this producer? (c) What is the electricity producer’s optimal price? (d) What is the electricity producer’s optimal bid in a uniform price Auction? e) Suppose b is equal to zero. Would the producer have an incentive to submit a bid above its marginal cost? Explain.
- To maximize profit, a price taker will expand its output as long as the sale of additional units adds more to revenues (marginal revenues) than to costs (marginal costs). Therefore, the profit-maximizing price taker will produce the output level at which marginal revenue (and price) equals marginal cost. In a price-taker market, if a business produces efficiently (i.e., that is, where marginal revenues = marginal costs), the firm will be able to make at least a normal profit. True of False. Explain. All firms produce where MR=MC. Price takers produce and price where P=ATC=MC=MR. That is the "normal profit" level. Profits above that level are considered "economic profits." Review economic profits, normal profits, explicit costs, and implicit costs.Consider a company that operates in a competitive market, with a typical set of cost curves (Marginal Cost, Average Variable Cost, Average Fixed Cost and Average Cost with typical formats of Microeconomics theory). Consider further that Marginal Costs coincide with Average Total Costs when the firm's output is 200 units of output, at a market price of 50. If market prices fall to 40, the company will produce 180 units of product to maximize its profit. If at this point the Average Fixed Costs per unit of output equals 27 per unit of output, what are your recommendations for this company in the short term? And in the long run?A purely competitive firm has a single variable input L (labor), with the wage rate W0 per period. Its fixed inputs cost the firm a total of F dollars per period. The price of the product is P0. (a) write the production function, revenue function, cost function, and profit function of the firm. (b) What is the first-order condition for profit maximization? Give this condition an economic interpretation. (c) What economic circumstances would ensure that profit is maximized rather thatn minimized?
- A manufacturing firm faces the cost of production as follows : Quantity Total Fixed Costs Total Variable Costs 0 $ 100 0 1 $ 100 $ 40 2 $ 100 $ 60 3 $ 100 $ 80 4 $ 100 $ 130 5 $ 100 $ 190 6 $ 100 $ 350 (a) Calculate the company's average fixed costs, average variable costs, average total costs,, and marginal costs at each level of quantity larger than zero (b) Suppose the price of the firm's product is $ 90, what is the firm's optimal production quantity? What is the firms profit under this quantity?Q1.The following is a Cobb-Douglas production function: Q = 1.75K0.6L0.5. What is correct here? * -This production function displays constant returns to scale -This production function displays increasing returns to scale -A one-percent change in L will cause Q to change by one percent -This production function displays decreasing returns to scale Q2. For studying demand relationships for a proposed new product that no one has ever used before, what would be the best method to use? * -consumer surveys, where potential customers hear about the product and are asked their opinions -double log functional form regression model -ordinary least squares regression on historical data -market experiments, where the price is set differently in two marketsThe manager of Don Teeta Company Limited hires labour (L) and rents capital equipment (K) ina very competitive market. Currently, the wage rate of labour is GH¢2 per hour and capital isrented at GH¢5 per hour, the unit price of the product is GH¢0.75 and total cost of production isGH¢1,000. Suppose the firm’s production function (Q) is as follows:? = 14?0.5?0.5 + 10Determine the optimal input usage and the maximum profit.
- for a firm with price in excess of average total cost, the presence of ecomonics profits implies that the firm should increase output in the short runeven if the price is below marginal cost . true or false explainA firm is deciding between two different sewing machines. Technology A has fixed costs of $500 and marginal costs of $50 whereas Technology B has fixed costs of $250 and marginal costs of $100. If the price is $20 per unit, what is the break even amount of units for technology A? A firm is deciding between two different sewing machines. Technology A has fixed costs of $500 and marginal costs of $50 whereas Technology B has fixed costs of $250 and marginal costs of $100. If the price is $20 per unit, what is the break even amount of units for technology A? a. 70 b. 60 c. 50 d. None - They would have to shut downObjective: Find optimal L, Q, and profits for every change in market conditions. •Case 1: Economists calculated that Amazon’s productivity function in 2000 was: Q=40K^0.55 L^0.45 . Also, average price per unit (mostly books) = $22, wage per unit = $8, and at that time, Amazon had one distribution center (K) at $10,000 (including renting rate, inventory costs, etc.) Case 2: In 2005, Amazon expanded its distribution centers to 5. Case 3: In 2012, Amazon bought robot maker Kiva System, changing Amazon’s productivity function to: Q=80K^0.55 L^0.45 , keeping the rest of the information as in Case 2. Case 4: In 2019, Amazon announced hourly wage of $15 per unit. Compare optimal number of workers, Q, and profits under these corporate and market changes (Table). Case1: L1 = Q1 = Profits1 = Case2: L2 = Q2 = Profits2 = Case3: L3 = Q3 = Profits3 = Case4: L4 = Q4 = Profits4 =