Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler that was used until 1938 as a drug to lose weight. It has the ability to separate the flow of electrons and the pumping of H+ ions for ATP synthesis which means that the energy from electron transfer cannot be used for ATP synthesis. Explain why this drug would be dangerous and why it works in breaking down fat in the body?

Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler that was used until 1938 as a drug to lose weight. It has the ability to separate the flow of electrons and the pumping of H+ ions for ATP synthesis which means that the energy from electron transfer cannot be used for ATP synthesis. Explain why this drug would be dangerous and why it works in breaking down fat in the body?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

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Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.
Cyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas the inhibitoryeffect of small amounts of dinitrophenol on ATP synthesisis reversible. Explain the difference.
Cyanide acts by blocking the flow of electrons in the electron transport system. What happens to ATP production and oxygen consumption in mitochondria when cells are poisoned with cyanide? Do the rates of oxygen consumption and ATP formation increase, decrease, or remain constant?
Which of the following statements concerning ATP is true? a. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is nearly the same for ADP. b. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is greater than that for ADP. c. ATP hydrolysis is more likely at pH 5 than at pH 7. d. One mole of glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate can phosphorylate one mole of AMP to yield ATP.
Maximal production of ATP from glucose involves the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Which of these reactions requires O2, and why? Which, in certain organisms or physiological conditions, can proceed in the absence of O2?
Thermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except A) decrease the proton gradient. B) uncouple ATP synthesis from electron transport. C) generate heat. D) decrease ATP synthesis. E) increase ATP synthesis
Complete metabolism of which of the following fatty acids will yield the highest number of ATP molecules? a. CH3(CH2)12COOH b. CH3(CH2)14COOH c. CH3(CH2)16COOH d. All of these fatty acids yield the same number of ATP molecules.
Many soft drinks contain citric acid as a significant part of their flavor. Is this a good nutrient? Why is the citric acid cycle considered part of aerobic metabolism, even though molecular oxygen does not appear in any reaction?
2, 4-Dinitrophenol(DNP) has been used as a dieting aid that results in the increase metabolism of its users. When too much is taken it often results in death due to acute hyperthermia. How does DNP increase the metabolism of its users, and why is hyperthermia a risk? Does DNP stop electron transport?
The hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond of ATP releases a large amount of free energy. True or false?
Cyanide binds to and blocks the action of cytochrome oxidase which is the last cytochrome in the electron transfer chain and is required for its normal function. When inhibited by cyanide all processes upstream in the cellular respiration process are inhibited. Given this information, what affect will cyanide poisoning have on human metabolic rate?
Are electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation the same process? Why or why not?