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- In this question, we assume Canada is a closed economy and is in its long-run equilibrium. TransCanada announced that they will not proceed with the East Energy pipeline in October 2017. a) According to the long-run classical model, what happens to the equilibrium levels of output, real interest rate, and investment in Canada after TransCanada made this announcement? What happens to the real wage in Canada? Explain your answer with the aid of TWOdiagrams - one for the loanable funds market and one for the labour market. b) (Continued from part a) As time passes (i.e., in the very long run which will be 10-15 years from now), what happens to the stocks of productive inputs in Canada? How would this change in the stocks of productive inputs affect the equilibrium levels of output and real interest rate in Canada? What happens to the real wage in Canada? Explain, and support your answer by a new set of loanable funds market and one for the labour market diagramsFor each of the following scenarios, assume the economy experiences an exogenous decrease in investment demand. For each case, illustrate the IS-LM-FX diagram and state the effect of the shock (increase, decrease, no change, or ambiguous) on the following variables: Y, i, E, C, I, TB. Here, we assume the policy makers’ objective is to keep output fixed at its initial valueIn this question, we assume Canada is a closed economy and is in its long-run equilibrium. TransCanada announced that they will not proceed with the East Energy pipeline in October 2017. According to the long-run classical model, what happens to the equilibrium levels of output, real interest rate, and investment in Canada after TransCanada made this announcement? What happens to the real wage in Canada? Explain your answer with the aid of TWOdiagrams - one for the loanable funds market and one for the labour market.
- In the New Keynesian model, suppose that in the short run the central bank cannot observe aggregate output or the shocks that hit the economy. However, the central bank would like to come as close as possible to economic efficiency. That is, ideally the central bank would like the output gap to be zero. Suppose initially that the economy is in equilibrium with a zero-output gap. (a) Suppose that there is a shift in money demand. That is, the quantity of money demanded increases for each interest rate and level of real income. How well does the central bank perform in relative to its goal? Explain using diagrams. (b) Suppose that firms expect total factor productivity to increase in the future. Repeat part (a). (c) Suppose that total factor productivity increases in the current period. Repeat part (a). (d) Explain any differences in your results in parts (a)–(c) and explain what this implies about the wisdom of following an interest rate rule for the central bank. Problem 6 assumes that…The following equations describe a Keynesian model of a closed economy: C = 500 - 0.5(Y - T) - 100r I = 350 - 100r L = 0.5Y - 200i πe = 0.05 G = T = 200 Y = 1850 M = 3560 a. Find the full-employment equilibrium values of the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and the price level. b. Suppose government purchases decline to 175, with no change in taxes. What happens to the real interest rate, output, consumption, and investment in the short run (in which the price level is fixed)? What happens in the long run to the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and the price level? c. Suppose instead that government purchases rise to 225, with no change in taxes, starting from the equilibrium in part (a). What happens to the real interest rate, output, consumption, and investment in the short run (in which the price level is fixed)? What happens in the long run to the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and…The graph below depicts an economy where an increase in aggregate demand has caused inflation. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by decreasing government purchases to restore full-employment GDP. Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negative number include a minus sign. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ -160 Numeric ResponseEdit Unavailable. -160 incorrect. billion b. If the MPC is 0.9, how much do government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $ billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.8. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.
- In a small closed economy, its aggregate demand and output are given as the equations below, Y = C + I + G; national output or GDP. C = 100 + 0.5(Y-T); consumption, marginal propensity to consume MPC = 0.5. I = 150 – 10*r; investment is a negative function of real interest rate (r as %). (M/P)d = Y – 20*r; real money demand which is adjusted by price level (inflation). G = 200; as government spending. T = 200; as tax. M = 2,400; as money supply. P = 4; the price level. (1) With the equations above, try to derive the IS curve. Tip: recall IS curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in goods market. To derive IS curve, you need to put all components of Y together and find its connection with r. (2) Use the same equations, now try to derive the LM curve. Tip: recall LM curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in money market. So to derive LM curve, you need to consider money supply and demand.…Assume a closed economy: Y=C+I+G In the Keynesian Cross model, as in the slides, assuming the marginal propensity to consume, c1, is less than one, which FOUR of the following statements are correct? Select one or more: A. The government sends cheques to all taxpayers, worth a total of £1 billion. As long as at least some of this results in higher autonomous consumption, GDP will rise by more than £1 billion. B. A rise in government spending on benefits or other transfers will increase Y by more than the increase in benefits C. If the c1 = 0.75 the multiplier will be 4 D. A fall in autonomous consumption will reduce Y by more than the initial fall E. The government sends cheques to all taxpayers, worth a total of £1billion. As a result, autonomous consumption increases by £0.5 billion. As long as c1 > 0.5, GDP will rise by more than £1 billion F. If consumers seek to save more by reducing their autonomous consumption, c0, this will reduce output.are these the correct answers? 1) In the classical view, if savings exceeds investment borrowing in the economy interest rates will fall.- true 2) The self adjustment process began with falling wages and then allowed for prices to fall and sales to increase. -true 3)In the classical model, a reduction in AD leads to a new equilibrium at a very low rate of output and employment. -false
- Suppose the economy is in equilibrium, with real interest rates equal to 4% and National Savings equal to $1,600 billion. Furthermore, suppose consumption depends on interest rates. a. Using the classical model, explain, and graphically illustrate how an increase in government spending by $400 billion will affect aggregate demand and aggregate output. b. Using the classical “equation of exchange”, explain how this increase in government spending will affect the inflation rate.In this section, the context is a large negative shock to autonomous consumption in an open economy. You may assume the economy is initially at a medium run equilibrium. (a) Aggregate demand can decline for many reasons. Give a specific example of when you would choose to model the onset of a recession by a fall in autonomous consumption and explain why. (b) Provide two different scenarios in which the macroeconomic policy response to the shock in an op economy includes the use of expansionary fiscal policy, Explain your reasoning, the policy chosen and describe how the economy adjusts to medium-run equilibrium. Refer to real world examples.Consider a closed economy where investment is constant and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. In that economy, the government decides to increase its expenditures. Why is the associated Keynesian multiplier greater than 1? Select one: a. Because the production increase leads to a revenue increase which leads to a demand increase which leads to a consumption increase which leads to further increases in production, demand and consumption b. Because the demand increase leads to a consumption increase which leads to a GDP increase which leads to a supply increase which leads to further increases in consumption, revenue and supply c. Because the demand increase leads to a supply increase which leads to a revenue increase which leads to a consumption increase which leads to further increases in demand, supply and GDP d. Because the production increase leads to a demand increase which leads to a supply increase which leads to a revenue increase which leads to further increases in…