Draw and label channel of events of the myocardial action potential with correct axis and units. (Don't get this one confused with a cardiac Pacemaker AP)

Q: Rank the movements of blood through the heart described below at left according to the magnitude…

A: The electrical impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, which make up the…

Q: Describe the heart’s pacemaker and internal electrical conduction system.

A: The heart can be defined as the muscular organ which is about the size of a fist and is situated…

Q: Describe how the pressure in the left ventricle and in the systemic arteries varies during the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Estimate the ejection fraction of the failing heart at a typical normal end-diastolic volume?

A: Ejection fraction estimation - It is the measurement of the amount of blood pump from left ventricle…

Q: Fill in the blank:  During ventricular relaxation, the A-V valves remain _______________________.

A: Cardiac cycle refers to sequence of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and…

Q: Define Ventricular Fibrillation. Describe what is happening electrically during VF.

A: Arrhythmia is a rare condition in which the rate of the heartbeat becomes irregular. The heart…

Q: Explain how an action potential occurs in cardiac contractile fibers.

A: The automatic rhythmicity of the heart is its ability to contract spontaneously and at regular rate.…

Q: 'Which of the following ions is not directly involved in the myocardiocyte action potential? copper…

A: The myocardiocyte action potenital is found in the heart cells.

Q: Why is it necessary for cells of the cardiac atria and ventricles to contract in a coordinated…

A: Introduction :- Blood from the veins enters the two atria, which have thin walls. The heart's two…

Q: Compare action potential of pacemaker and non-pacemaker (working) myocardial cells?

A: Cell can be defined as the basic membrane-bound unit which contains the fundamental molecules of…

Q: Explain the electrical and mechanical events in the cardiac cycle, including their relationship to…

A: The sequence of events performed by the heart from one heartbeat to the commencement of next is…

Q: During the Cardiac Contraction cycCle, EARLY ventricular systole is characterised by

A: ventricular systole- It is a phase of cardiac cycle in this the left and right ventricles contract…

Q: . ECG depicts the depolarization and repolarization processes of a cardiac cycle. In the ECG of a…

A: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the total amount of the action potentials of millions of…

Q: Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventriclesduring a cardiac cycle.

A: The heart is an organ found in animals which is specialised to pump blood in the body. The heart is…

Q: Describe the pacemaker potential and the myocardial action potential, and explain how the latter…

A: Heart is the major pumping organ in our circulatory system. It has two types of cells namely;…

Q: Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of an ECG, and indicate at which point in the cardiac…

A: The cardiac cycle represents the event that occurs after the ending of one heartbeat to the start of…

Q: What major movements of ions account for each phase of the action potential of a typical myocardial…

A: Action potential  The rapid rise in the voltage of the membrane potential across the cellular…

Q: During which of the following periods are the large elastic arteries distributing blood to smaller…

A: The cardiac cycle is referred to as one heartbeat that consists of one cycle of contraction and…

Q: Describe the cardiac cycle, and explain why heart valves open in onlyone direction.

A: Human heart is the Center for regulating blood across the body. It is made up of cardiac Muscles…

Q: Although not considered the primary pacemaker of the heart, the atrioventricular node can indeed be…

A: Human Heart is a four-chambered, fibro-muscular organ. There are two atria through which the heart…

Q: The T wave represents: a. Depolarization of the ventricles b. Repolarization of the atria c.…

A: ECG (Electrocardiogram) can be outlined as the graph which represents the electrical activity of the…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Cardiac action potential  It refers to the short alteration in the voltage i.e. membrane potential…

Q: Write the differences between Systole and Diastole.

A: The complex organisms have a well-defined organ system for the transportation of substances across…

Q: A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) indicates which of the following

A: This question is based on the physiology of heart.

Q: Myocardial contraction is named _____            Relaxation of heart named ______  What is the unit…

A: The heart is a specialized organ of our circulatory system composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It…

Q: Describe the structures of the heart and the direction of flow through each structure ( Name them…

A: The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic…

Q: Compare and contrast the action potential of a myocardial conductive cell and the action potential…

A: Myocardial conductive cell: [action potential] The conductive cells within the heart establish the…

Q: Describe the components of the left atrioventricular valve.

A: The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The…

Q: Identify the structures in the following diagram of a sectional view of the heart.

A: The heart is an organ of the pump which beats about 60 to 100 times per minute on an average of 72.…

Q: Explain why the walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles, and why the wall of the…

A: The walls of Artria are thinner than Ventricle because the artria are only receiving chambers…

Q: Discuss why the heart is called a double pump and compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

A: The human heart lies in the protective thorax, posterior to the sternum and coastal cartilage, and…

Q: The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ______.   A sinoatrial node   B left atrium   C…

A: Heart is an important organ that pumps blood. Heart is myogenic in nature meaning it is capable of…

Q: wave

A: De polarization  or hypo polarization occurs due to shift in electric charge in the cell , resulting…

Q: Draw these five graphs on the same set of axes: atrial autorhythmic cell action potential atrial…

A: Cardiac muscle action potential- During the action potential there is passing of electrical signals…

Q: In the cardiac cycle, the occurrence of S, is most likely indicated at which of the following…

A: A test to assess the heart's electrical functioning is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG.  The…

Q: In an ECG, which of the following represents the repolarization of the ventricles? Group of answer…

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat. The…

Q: Name three mechanisms that can increase cardiacoutput.

A: The amount of blood that the heart pumps, each minute is defined by the term known as cardiac…

Q: Provide the alternative terms for the contraction and relaxation of heart chambers.

A: The human heart is the one organ that powers the entire body. Without it we wouldn’t be able to do…

Q: area of dead myocardial tissue is called.....

A: The cardiac muscle is especially created of 2 forms of cells: cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts.…

Q: The input and exit valves to the ventricles are located in a superior position to the lumen.  What…

A: The heart is the organ that pumps the blood to the other parts of the body. The oxygenated blood…

Q: In a developing chicken embryo, from  which  layer  of  the  hypomere  is  the  endocardium  and…

A:

Q: a block schematic of the heart showing the four main chambers and explain how oxygenated and…

A: The system which pump blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen is known as the circulatory…

Q: Place these events in the correct order as they occur in the cardiac cycle: 1. Contraction of the…

A: Cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle is a term used to describe the relaxation and contraction that occur,…

Q: Pressure changes that occur during the cardiac cycle are responsible for what two physiologic…

A: The cardiac cycle is the time interval between atria contraction and ventricular relaxation. Fluids,…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.